Defence and Strategic Goods List Amendment 2006

I, BRENDAN NELSON, Minister for Defence, make this instrument under paragraph 112 (2A) (aa) of the Customs Act 1901.

Dated  25 August  2006

BRENDAN NELSON

Minister for Defence

1 Name of instrument

  This instrument is the Defence and Strategic Goods List Amendment 2006.

2 Commencement

This instrument will commence on the day after it is registered on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments.

3 Amendment of Defence and Strategic Goods List

  For paragraph 112 (2A) (aa) of the Customs Act 1901, the Defence and Strategic Goods List, mentioned in regulation 13E of the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations 1958, is amended as set out in Schedule 1.

Note   Under regulation 13E of the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations 1958, the Defence and Strategic Goods List is recognised as part of Australia’s export controls.

Schedule 1 Amendment of Defence and Strategic Goods List

(section 3)

[1] Defence and Strategic Goods List

substitute

DEFENCE AND STRATEGIC GOODS LIST

November 1996

The Defence and Strategic Goods List (DSGL) is identified in regulation 13E of the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations 1958 as the document titled ‘Defence and Strategic Goods List’:

(a)   formulated and published for the purpose of paragraph 112 (2A) (aa) of the Customs Act 1901 by the Minister for Defence; and

(b)   dated November 1996;

as amended by the Minister for Defence and in force from time to time.

Goods included in the list may not be exported from Australia unless a licence or permission has been granted by the Minister or an authorised person and that licence or permission is produced to a Collector of Customs before exportation: regulation 13E of the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations 1958.

The DSGL was first published in 1996 when the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations were consolidated and revised as a result of an Australian National Audit Office review of the Defence export control activity.

The DSGL includes equipment, assemblies and components, associated test, inspection and production equipment, materials, software and technology and is divided into two parts.

PART 1 covers defence and related goods ‑ those goods and technologies designed or adapted for use by armed forces or goods that are inherently lethal.  These goods include:

 Military Goods – those goods or technology that is designed or adapted for military purposes including parts and accessories thereof.

 Non Military Lethal Goods (NMLG) – that equipment that is inherently lethal, incapacitating or destructive such as non‑military firearms, non‑military ammunition and commercial explosives and initiators.

PART 2 covers those goods that have a dual use. Dual‑use goods comprise equipment and technologies developed to meet commercial needs but which may be used either as military components or for the development or production of military systems or weapons of mass destruction.  This part is further subdivided into and is made up of the following 10 categories:

 Category 0 – Nuclear Materials;

 Category 1 – Materials, Chemicals, Microorganisms and Toxins;

 Category 2 – Materials Processing;

 Category 3 – Electronics;

 Category 4 – Computers;

 Category 5 – Telecommunications and Information Security;

 Category 6 – Sensors and Lasers;

 Category 7 – Navigation and Avionics;

 Category 8 – Marine;

 Category 9 – Propulsion Systems, Space Vehicles and Related Equipment.

The DSGL is amended from time to time to reflect changes in the various multilateral non‑proliferation and export control regimes of which Australia is a member.

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GENERAL NOTES

1. The Notes, Technical Notes and Nota Bene (N.B.) appearing in the Defence and Strategic Goods List form an integral part of the control text.

2. The object of the controls contained in the Defence and Strategic Goods List should not be defeated by the export of any non‑controlled goods (including plant) containing one or more controlled components when the controlled component or components are the principal element of the goods and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes.

N.B.: In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, it is necessary to weigh the factors of quantity, value and technological know‑how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the goods being procured.

3.                   Goods specified in the Defence and Strategic Goods List include both new and used goods.

4.                   Terms in "quotations" are defined terms. Refer to the 'Definitions of Terms' section of the Defence and Strategic Goods List. Words and terms appearing under 'Definitions of Terms', if used in their undefined forms, take their common or dictionary meanings.

PART 1 ‑ MUNITIONS LIST

ML 8

Specially formulated pharmaceutical products containing ML8 materials are not controlled.

ML 10

Absence of items from the Munitions List and absence of configuration for military use would mean that an aircraft would not be considered military.

PART 2 ‑ DUAL‑USE GOODS AND TECHNOLOGIES

General Technology Note

The transfer of "technology" according to the General Technology Note, for "production" or "development" of items on this list shall be treated with vigilance.

General Technology Note

Controls on intangible "technology" are to be exercised as far as the scope of legislation† will allow.

General Software Note

The transfer of "software", for "production" or "development" of items on this list shall be treated with vigilance.

Medical equipment

Equipment specially designed for medical end‑use that incorporates an item controlled in the Dual‑Use List is not controlled.

Category 6

The control text contained in 6A002.a. Nota Bene, 6A002.a.3. Nota Bene, 6A002.a.3.c. Nota Bene, 6A002.a.3.f., 6A003.b.4. and 6A003.b.4. Notes 1, 2 and 3 is valid until 05 December 2007.

Category 9

"Development" or "production" "technology" controlled by 9E for gas turbine engines remains controlled when used as "use" "technology" for repair, rebuild and overhaul. Excluded from control are: technical data, drawings or documentation for maintenance activities directly associated with calibration, removal or replacement of damaged or unserviceable line replaceable units, including replacement of whole engines or engine modules.

† Australia’s export control legislation on the intangible transfers of “software” and “technology” is the Weapons of Mass Destruction (Prevention of Proliferation) Act 1995. The object of this Act is to ensure that goods are not supplied or exported, and services are not provided, in circumstances where the goods will or may be used in, or the services will or may assist a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) program.

A WMD program means a plan or program for the development, production, acquisition or stockpiling of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons or missiles capable of delivering such weapons.

The provision of services includes doing anything that confers a benefit on, grants a right or privilege to, provides a facility for, or otherwise assists, someone.

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Definitions of terms between 'single quotation marks' are given in a Technical Note to the relevant item.

Definitions of terms between "double quotation marks" are as follows:

N.B.: Category references are given in brackets after the defined term.

"Accuracy" (2 6), usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, means the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value.

"Active flight control systems" (7) are systems that function to prevent undesirable "aircraft" and missile motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to effect automatic control.

"Active pixel" (6 8) is a minimum (single) element of the solid state array which has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light (electromagnetic) radiation.

"Adapted for use in war" (1 ML7) means any modification or selection (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistance to UV radiation) designed to increase the effectiveness in producing casualties in humans or animals, degrading equipment or damaging crops or the environment.

“Additives” (ML8) means substances used in explosive formulations to improve their properties.

"Aircraft" (1 7 9 ML8 ML9 ML10) means a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt‑wing airborne vehicle.

N.B.: See also "civil aircraft".

"All compensations available" (2) means after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimise all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine‑tool model are considered.

"Allocated by the ITU" (3 5) means the allocation of frequency bands according to the current edition of the ITU Radio Regulations for primary, permitted and secondary services.

N.B.: Additional and alternative allocations are not included.

"Angular position deviation" (2) means the maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position (ref. VDI/VDE 2617, Draft: 'Rotary tables on coordinate measuring machines').

"Asymmetric algorithm " (5) means a cryptographic algorithm using different, mathematically‑related keys for encryption and decryption.

N.B.: A common use of "asymmetric algorithms" is key management.

"Automatic target tracking" (6) means a processing technique that automatically determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable position of the target in real time.

"Basic gate propagation delay time" (3) means the propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used in a "monolithic integrated circuit".  For a 'family' of "monolithic integrated circuits", this may be specified either as the propagation delay time per typical gate within the given 'family' or as the typical propagation delay time per gate within the given 'family'.

Technical Notes:

1. "Basic gate propagation delay time" is not to be confused with the input/output delay time of a complex "monolithic integrated circuit".

2. 'Family' consists of all integrated circuits to which all of the following are applied as their manufacturing methodology and specifications except their respective functions:

 a. The common hardware and software architecture;

 b. The common design and process technology; and

 c. The common basic characteristics.

"Basic scientific research" (GTN NTN) means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.

"Bias" (accelerometer) (7) means an accelerometer output when no acceleration is applied.

"Biocatalysts "(ML7 ML22) means enzymes or other biological compounds which bind to and accelerate the degradation of CW agents.

Technical Note:

 ‘Enzymes’ means “biocatalysts” for specific chemical or biochemical reactions.

"Biopolymers" (ML7 ML22) means biological macromolecules as follows:

a.  Enzymes for specific chemical or biochemical reactions;

b.  Antibodies, monoclonal, polyclonal or anti‑idiotypic;

c.  Specially designed or specially processed receptors;

Technical Notes:

1. 'Anti‑idiotypic antibodies' means antibodies which bind to the specific antigen binding sites of other antibodies;

2. ‘Monoclonal antibodies’ means proteins which bind to one antigenic site and are produced by a single clone of cells;

3.  ‘Polyclonal antibodies’ means a mixture of proteins which bind to the specific antigen and are produced by more than one clone of cells;

4.  ‘Receptors’ means biological macromolecular structures capable of binding ligands, the binding of which affects physiological functions.

"Camming" (2) means axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Reference:  ISO 230/1 1986, paragraph 5.63).

"Carbon fibre preforms" (1) means an ordered arrangement of uncoated or coated fibres intended to constitute a framework of a part before the "matrix" is introduced to form a "composite".

"CE" (4) is equivalent to "computing element".

"Chemical laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction.

"Chemical mixture" (1) means a solid, liquid or gaseous product made up of two or more components which do not react together under the conditions under which the mixture is stored.

"Circulation‑controlled anti‑torque or circulation controlled direction control systems" (7) are systems that use air blown over aerodynamic surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces.

"Civil aircraft" (1 7 9 ML10) means those "aircraft" listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.

N.B.: See also "aircraft".

"Commingled" (1) means filament to filament blending of thermoplastic fibres and reinforcement fibres in order to produce a fibre reinforcement "matrix" mix in total fibre form.

"Comminution" (1) means a process to reduce a material to particles by crushing or grinding.

"Common channel signalling" (5) is a signalling method in which a single channel between exchanges conveys, by means of labelled messages, signalling information relating to a multiplicity of circuits or calls and other information such as that used for network management.

"Communications channel controller" (4) means the physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information.  It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

"Composite" (1 2 6 8 9) means a "matrix" and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes.

"Composite theoretical performance" ("CTP") (3 4) is a measure of computational performance given in millions of theoretical operations per second (Mtops), calculated using the aggregation of "computing elements" ("CE").

N.B.: See Category 4, Technical Note.

"Compound rotary table" (2) means a table allowing the workpiece to rotate and tilt about two non‑parallel axes, which can be coordinated simultaneously for "contouring control".

"Computing element" ("CE") (4) means the smallest computational unit that produces an arithmetic or logic result.

"Contouring control" (2) means two or more "numerically controlled" motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position.  These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (ref. ISO/DIS 2806 ‑ 1980).

"Critical temperature" (1 3 6) (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific "superconductive" material means the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current.

"Cryptography" (5) means the discipline which embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorised use. "Cryptography" is limited to the transformation of information using one or more 'secret parameters' (e.g., crypto variables) or associated key management.

Technical Note:

'Secret parameter': a constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared only within a group.

"CTP" is equivalent to "composite theoretical performance".

"Data‑Based Referenced Navigation" ("DBRN") (7) Systems means systems which use various sources of previously measured geo‑mapping data integrated to provide accurate navigation information under dynamic conditions.  Data sources include bathymetric maps, stellar maps, gravity maps, magnetic maps or 3‑D digital terrain maps.

"Data signalling rate" (5) means the rate, as defined in ITU Recommendation 53‑36, taking into account that, for non‑binary modulation, baud and bit per second are not equal.  Bits for coding, checking and synchronisation functions are to be included.

Note: When determining the "data signalling rate", servicing and administrative channels shall be excluded.

Technical Note:

It is the maximum one‑way rate, i.e., the maximum rate in either transmission or reception.

"Deformable mirrors" (6) (also known as adaptive optic mirrors) means mirrors having:

a. A single continuous optical reflecting surface which is dynamically deformed by the application of individual torques or forces to compensate for distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror; or

b. Multiple optical reflecting elements that can be individually and dynamically repositioned by the application of torques or forces to compensate for distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror.

"Depleted uranium" (0) means uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature.

"Development" (GTN NTN All) is related to all phases prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.

"Diffusion bonding" (1 2 9) means a solid state molecular joining of at least two separate metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material.

"Digital computer" (4 5) means equipment which can, in the form of one or more discrete variables, perform all of the following:

a. Accept data;

b. Store data or instructions in fixed or alterable (writable) storage devices;

c. Process data by means of a stored sequence of instructions which is modifiable; and

d. Provide output of data.

Technical Note:

Modifications of a stored sequence of instructions include replacement of fixed storage devices, but not a physical change in wiring or interconnections.

"Digital transfer rate" (5) means the total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium.

N.B.: See also "total digital transfer rate".

"Direct‑acting hydraulic pressing" (2) means a deformation process which uses a fluid‑filled flexible bladder in direct contact with the workpiece.

"Drift rate" (gyro) (7) means the time rate of output deviation from the desired output. It consists of random and systematic components and is expressed as an equivalent input angular displacement per unit time with respect to inertial space.

"Dynamic adaptive routing" (5) means automatic rerouting of traffic based on sensing and analysis of current actual network conditions.

N.B.: This does not include cases of routing decisions taken on predefined information.

"Dynamic signal analysers" (3) means "signal analysers" which use digital sampling and transformation techniques to form a Fourier spectrum display of the given waveform including amplitude and phase information.

N.B.: See also "signal analysers".

"Effective gram" (1) of "special fissile material" means:

a. For plutonium isotopes and uranium‑233, the isotope weight in grams;

b. For uranium enriched 1 per cent or greater in the isotope uranium‑235, the element weight in grams multiplied by the square of its enrichment expressed as a decimal weight fraction;

c. For uranium enriched below 1 per cent in the isotope uranium‑235, the element weight in grams multiplied by 0.0001

"Electronic assembly" (2 3 4 5) means a number of electronic components (i.e., 'circuit elements', 'discrete components', integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled.

Technical Notes:

1. 'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

2. 'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

"Electronically steerable phased array antenna" (5 6) means an antenna which forms a beam by means of phase coupling, i.e., the beam direction is controlled by the complex excitation coefficients of the radiating elements and the direction of that beam can be varied in azimuth or in elevation, or both, by application, both in transmission and reception, of an electrical signal.

"End‑effectors" (2 ML17) means grippers, 'active tooling units' and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a "robot" manipulator arm.

Technical Note:

'Active tooling unit' means a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece.

"Energetic materials" (ML 4 ML8 ML908 ML909) mean substances or mixtures that react chemically to release energy required for their intended application.  "Explosives", "pyrotechnics" and "propellants" are subclasses of energetic materials.

"Equivalent Density" (6) means the mass of an optic per unit optical area projected onto the optical surface.

"Expert systems" (4 7) mean systems providing results by application of rules to data which are stored independently of the "program" and capable of any of the following:

a. Modifying automatically the "source code" introduced by the user;

b. Providing knowledge linked to a class of problems in quasi‑natural language; or

c. Acquiring the knowledge required for their development (symbolic training).

"Explosives" (ML8 ML18 ML909) mean solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads, demolition and other applications, are required to detonate.

"Expression Vectors" (ML7) mean carriers (e.g., plasmid or virus) used to introduce genetic material into host cells.

"FADEC" is equivalent to "full authority digital engine control".

"Fault tolerance" (4) is the capability of a computer system, after any malfunction of any of its hardware or "software" components, to continue to operate without human intervention, at a given level of service that provides: continuity of operation, data integrity and recovery of service within a given time.

"Fibrous or filamentary materials" (0 1 2 8) include:

a. Continuous "monofilaments";

b. Continuous "yarns" and "rovings";

c. "Tapes", fabrics, random mats and braids;

d. Chopped fibres, staple fibres and coherent fibre blankets;

e. Whiskers, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length;

f. Aromatic polyamide pulp.

"Film type integrated circuit" (3) means an array of 'circuit elements' and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating "substrate".

Technical Note:

'Circuit element' is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"First generation image intensifier tubes" (ML15) means electrostatically focused tubes, employing input and output fibre optic or glass face plates, multi‑alkali photocathodes (S‑20 or S‑25), but not microchannel plate amplifiers.

"Fixed" (5) means that the coding or compression algorithm cannot accept externally supplied parameters (e.g., cryptographic or key variables) and cannot be modified by the user.

"Flight control optical sensor array" (7) is a network of distributed optical sensors, using "laser" beams, to provide real‑time flight control data for on‑board processing.

"Flight path optimisation" (7) is a procedure that minimises deviations from a four‑dimensional (space and time) desired trajectory based on maximising performance or effectiveness for mission tasks.

"Focal plane array" (6) means a linear or two‑dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane.

Note: This definition does not include a stack of single detector elements or any two, three or four element detectors provided time delay and integration is not performed within the element.

"Fractional bandwidth" (3) means the "instantaneous bandwidth" divided by the centre frequency, expressed as a percentage.

"Frequency hopping" (5) means a form of "spread spectrum" in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by a random or pseudo‑random sequence of discrete steps.

"Frequency switching time" (3 5) means the maximum time (i.e., delay), taken by a signal, when switched from one selected output frequency to another selected output frequency, to reach:

a. A frequency within 100 Hz of the final frequency; or

b. An output level within 1 dB of the final output level.

"Frequency synthesiser" (3) means any kind of frequency source or signal generator, regardless of the actual technique used, providing a multiplicity of simultaneous or alternative output frequencies, from one or more outputs, controlled by, derived from or disciplined by a lesser number of standard (or master) frequencies.

"Full Authority Digital Engine Control" ("FADEC") (7 9) means an electronic control system for gas turbine or combined cycle engines utilising a digital computer to control the variables required to regulate engine thrust or shaft power output throughout the engine operating range from the beginning of fuel metering to fuel shutoff.

"Gas Atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal alloy to droplets of 500 micrometre diameter or less by a high pressure gas stream.

"Geographically dispersed" (6) is where each location is distant from any other more than 1,500 m in any direction.  Mobile sensors are always considered "geographically dispersed".

"Guidance set" (7) means systems that integrate the process of measuring and computing a vehicle’s position and velocity (i.e. navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicle’s flight control systems to correct the trajectory.

"Hot isostatic densification" (2) means the process of pressurising a casting at temperatures exceeding 375 K (102°C) in a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal force in all directions to reduce or eliminate internal voids in the casting.

"Hybrid computer" (4) means equipment which can perform all of the following:

a. Accept data;

b. Process data, in both analogue and digital representations; and

c. Provide output of data.

"Hybrid integrated circuit" (3) means any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with 'circuit elements' or 'discrete components' connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following characteristics:

a. Containing at least one unencapsulated device;

b. Connected together using typical IC production methods;

c. Replaceable as an entity; and

d. Not normally capable of being disassembled.

Technical Notes:

1. 'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

2. 'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

"Image enhancement" (4) means the processing of externally derived information‑bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).  This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false coloration.

"Immunotoxin" (1) is a conjugate of one cell specific monoclonal antibody and a "toxin" or "sub‑unit of toxin", that selectively affects diseased cells.

"Information security" (4 5) is all the means and functions ensuring the accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communications, excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions.  This includes "cryptography", 'cryptanalysis', protection against compromising emanations and computer security.

Technical Note:

'Cryptanalysis' is the analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text (ISO 7498‑2‑1988 (E), paragraph 3.3.18).

"Instantaneous bandwidth" (3 5 7) means the bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.

"Instrumented range" (6) means the specified unambiguous display range of radar.

"Insulation" (9) is applied to the components of a rocket motor, i.e. the case, nozzle, inlets, case closures, and includes cured or semi‑cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material.  It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps.

"Interconnected radar sensors" (6) means two or more radar sensors are interconnected when they mutually exchange data in real time.

"Interior lining" (9) is suited for the bond interface between the solid propellant and the case or insulating liner.  Usually a liquid polymer based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials, e.g. carbon filled hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or other polymer with added curing agents sprayed or screeded over a case interior.

"In the public domain" (GTN NTN GSN ML22), as it applies herein, means "technology" or "software" which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination (copyright restrictions do not remove "technology" or "software" from being "in the public domain").

"Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer" (6) is a single magnetic field gradient sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

N.B.: See also "magnetic gradiometer".

"Isolated live cultures" (1) includes live cultures in dormant form and in dried preparations.

"Isostatic presses" (2) mean equipment capable of pressurising a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.

"Laser" (0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 ML5 ML9 ML19) is an assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.

N.B.: See also: "Chemical laser";

   "Q‑switched laser";

   "Super High Power Laser";

   "Transfer laser".

"Lighter‑than‑air vehicles" (ML10) mean balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter‑than‑air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.

"Linearity" (2) (usually measured in terms of non‑linearity) means the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalise and minimise the maximum deviations.

"Local area network" (4) is a data communication system having all of the following characteristics:

a. Allows an arbitrary number of independent 'data devices' to communicate directly with each other; and

b. Is confined to a geographical area of moderate size (e.g., office building, plant, campus, warehouse).

Technical Note:

'Data device' means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.

"Magnetic Gradiometers" (6) are instruments designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument.  They consist of multiple "magnetometers" and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

N.B.: See also "intrinsic magnetic gradiometer".

"Magnetometers" (6) are instruments designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument.  They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of the magnetic field.

"Main storage" (4) means the primary storage for data or instructions for rapid access by a central processing unit.  It consists of the internal storage of a "digital computer" and any hierarchical extension thereto, such as cache storage or non‑sequentially accessed extended storage.

"Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6" (0) may be copper, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel and UF6‑ resistant fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers, as appropriate for the type of separation process.

"Matrix" (1 2 8 9) means a substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibres.

"Measurement uncertainty" (2) is the characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with a confidence level of 95 %.  It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations (ref. ISO 10360‑2, or VDI/VDE 2617).

"Mechanical Alloying" (1) means an alloying process resulting from the bonding, fracturing and rebonding of elemental and master alloy powders by mechanical impact.  Non‑metallic particles may be incorporated in the alloy by addition of the appropriate powders.

"Melt Extraction" (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly' and extract a ribbon‑like alloy product by the insertion of a short segment of a rotating chilled block into a bath of a molten metal alloy.

N.B.: 'Solidify rapidly': solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1,000 K/s.

"Melt Spinning" (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly' a molten metal stream impinging upon a rotating chilled block, forming a flake, ribbon or rod‑like product.

N.B.: 'Solidify rapidly': solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1,000 K/s.

"Microcomputer microcircuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.

Technical Note:

The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.

"Microprocessor microcircuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.

Technical Note:

The "microprocessor microcircuit" normally does not contain integral user‑accessible storage, although storage present on‑the‑chip may be used in performing its logic function.

Note: This definition includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a "microprocessor microcircuit".

"Microorganisms" (1 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of isolated live cultures or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.

"Microprogram" means a sequence of elementary instructions maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction register.

"Missiles" (1 3 6 7 9) means complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems, capable of delivering at least 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km.

"Monofilament" (1) or filament is the smallest increment of fibre, usually several micrometres in diameter.

"Monolithic integrated circuit" (3) means a combination of passive or active 'circuit elements' or both which:

a. Are formed by means of diffusion processes, implantation processes or deposition processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of material, a so‑called 'chip';

b. Can be considered as indivisibly associated; and

c. Perform the function(s) of a circuit.

Technical Note:

'Circuit element' is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"Monospectral imaging sensors" (6) are capable of acquisition of imaging data from one discrete spectral band.

"Multichip integrated circuit" (3) means two or more "monolithic integrated circuits" bonded to a common "substrate".

"Multi‑data‑stream processing" (4) means the "microprogram" or equipment architecture technique which permits simultaneous processing of two or more data sequences under the control of one or more instruction sequences by means such as:

a. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures such as vector or array processors;

b. Multiple Single Instruction Multiple Data (MSIMD) architectures;

c. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) architectures, including those which are tightly coupled, closely coupled or loosely coupled; or

d. Structured arrays of processing elements, including systolic arrays.

"Multilevel security" (5) means a class of system containing information with different sensitivities that simultaneously permits access by users with different security clearances and needs‑to‑know, but prevents users from obtaining access to information for which they lack authorization.

Technical Note:

"Multilevel security" is computer security and not computer reliability which deals with equipment fault prevention or human error prevention in general.

"Multispectral imaging sensors" (6) are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands.  Sensors having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors.

"Natural uranium" (0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.

"Network access controller" (4) means a physical interface to a distributed switching network.  It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the same "digital transfer rate" using arbitration (e.g., token or carrier sense) for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or data groups (e.g., IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

"Neural computer" (4) means a computational device designed or modified to mimic the behaviour of a neuron or a collection of neurons, i.e., a computational device which is distinguished by its hardware capability to modulate the weights and numbers of the interconnections of a multiplicity of computational components based on previous data.

"Noise level" (6) means an electrical signal given in terms of power spectral density. The relation between "noise level" expressed in peak‑to‑peak is given by S 2 pp = 8No(f2‑f1), where Spp is the peak‑to‑peak value of the signal (e.g., nanoteslas), No is the power spectral density (e.g., (nanotesla)2/Hz) and (f2‑f1) defines the bandwidth of interest.

"Nuclear reactor" (0 ML17) means the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.

"Numerical control" (2) means the automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (ref. ISO 2382).

"Object code" (9) means an equipment executable form of a convenient expression of one or more processes ("source code" (source language)) which has been converted by programming system.

"Optical amplification" (5), in optical communications, means an amplification technique that introduces a gain of optical signals that have been generated by a separate optical source, without conversion to electrical signals, i.e., using semiconductor optical amplifiers, optical fibre luminescent amplifiers.

"Optical computer" (4) means a computer designed or modified to use light to represent data and whose computational logic elements are based on directly coupled optical devices.

"Optical integrated circuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or a "hybrid integrated circuit", containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro‑optical function(s).

"Optical switching" (5) means the routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.

"Overall current density" (3) means the total number of ampere‑turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross‑section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).

"Participating State" (7 9) is a state participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement.  (See www.wassenaar.org)

"Peak power" (6), means energy per pulse in joules divided by the pulse duration in seconds.

"Personalized smart card" (5) means a smart card containing a microcircuit  which has been programmed for a specific application and cannot be reprogrammed for any other application by the user.

"Power management" (7) means changing the transmitted power of the altimeter signal so that received power at the "aircraft" altitude is always at the minimum necessary to determine the altitude.

"Precursors" (ML8) means specialty chemicals used in the manufacture of military explosives.

"Pressure transducers" (2) are devices that convert pressure measurements into an electrical signal.

"Previously separated" (0 1) means the application of any process intended to increase the concentration of the controlled isotope.

"Primary flight control" (7) means an "aircraft" stability or manoeuvering control using force/moment generators, i.e., aerodynamic control surfaces or propulsive thrust vectoring.

"Principal element" (4), as it applies in Category 4, is a "principal element" when its replacement value is more than 35% of the total value of the system of which it is an element.  Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator.  Total value is the normal international selling price to unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment.

"Production" (GTN NTN All) means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.

"Production equipment" (1 7 9) means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".

"Production facilities" (7 9) means equipment and specially designed software therefor integrated into installations for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".

"Program" (2 4 5 6) means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.

"Propellants" (ML8) Substances or mixtures that react chemically to produce large volumes of hot gases at controlled rates to perform mechanical work.

"Pulse compression" (6) means the coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.

"Pulse duration" (6) is the duration of a "laser" pulse measured at Full Width Half Intensity (FWHI) levels.

"Pyrotechnic(s)" (ML4 ML8 ML909) means mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidizers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation.  Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air.

"Quantum cryptography" (5) means a family of techniques for the establishment of a shared key for "cryptography" by measuring the quantum‑mechanical properties of a physical system (including those physical properties explicitly governed by quantum optics, quantum field theory, or quantum electrodynamics).

"Q‑switched laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the energy is stored in the population inversion or in the optical resonator and subsequently emitted in a pulse.

"Radar frequency agility" (6) means any technique which changes, in a pseudo‑random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.

"Radar spread spectrum" (6) means any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo‑random coding.

"Real‑time bandwidth" (2 3) for "dynamic signal analysers" is the widest frequency range which the analyser can output to display or mass storage without causing any discontinuity in the analysis of the input data.  For analysers with more than one channel, the channel configuration yielding the widest "real‑time bandwidth" shall be used to make the calculation.

"Real time processing" (6 7) means the processing of data by a computer system providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources, within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when stimulated by an external event.

"Required" (GTN 5 6 9 ML22), as applied to "technology" or "software", refers to only that portion of "technology" or "software" which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or extending the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions.  Such "required" "technology" or "software" may be shared by different goods.

"Resolution" (2) means the least increment of a measuring device; on digital instruments, the least significant bit (ref. ANSI B‑89.1.12).

"Riot control agents" (ML7) mean substances which, under the expected conditions of use for riot control purposes, rapidly produce in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. (Tear gases are a subset of "riot control agents".)

"Robot" (2 8 ML17) means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point‑to‑point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:

a. Is multifunctional;

b. Is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in three dimensional space;

c. Incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo‑devices which may include stepping motors; and

d. Has "user‑accessible programmability" by means of teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e., without mechanical intervention.

Note: The above definition does not include the following devices:

 1. Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually / teleoperator controllable;

 2. Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions.  The program is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means;

 3. Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions.  The program is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as pins or cams.  The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed program pattern. Variations or modifications of the program pattern (e.g., changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;

 4. Non‑servo‑controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions.  The program is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;

 5. Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.

"Rotary atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a stream or pool of molten metal to droplets to a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by centrifugal force.

"Roving" (1) is a bundle (typically 12‑120) of approximately parallel 'strands'.

Technical Note:

'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

"Run‑out" (2) (out‑of‑true running) means radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Reference: ISO 230/1‑1986, paragraph 5.61).

"Scale factor" (gyro or accelerometer) (7) means the ratio of change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares to input‑output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input range.

"Settling time" (3) means the time required for the output to come within one‑half bit of the final value when switching between any two levels of the converter.

"SHPL" (6) is equivalent to "super high power laser".

"Signal analysers" (3) mean apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single‑frequency components of multi‑frequency signals.

"Signal processing" (3 4 5 6) means the processing of externally derived information‑bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).

"Software" (GSN All) means a collection of one or more "programs" or "microprograms" fixed in any tangible medium of expression.

"Solidify rapidly" means a process involving the solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec.

"Source code" (or source language) (4 6 7 9) is a convenient expression of one or more processes which may be turned by a programming system into equipment executable form ("object code" (or object language)).

"Spacecraft" (7 9) means active and passive satellites and space probes.

"Space qualified" (3 6) refers to products designed, manufactured and tested to meet the special electrical, mechanical or environmental requirements for use in the launch and deployment of satellites or high altitude flight systems operating at altitudes of 100 km or higher.

"Special fissile material" (0) means plutonium‑239, uranium‑233, "uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233", and any material containing the foregoing.

"Specific modulus" (0 1 9) is Young's modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 + 2) K ((23 + 2)oC) and a relative humidity of (50 + 5)%.

"Specific tensile strength" (0 1 9) is ultimate tensile strength in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 + 2) K ((23 + 2)oC) and a relative humidity of (50 + 5)%.

"Splat Quenching" (1) means a process to "solidify rapidly" a molten metal stream impinging upon a chilled block, forming a flake‑like product.

"Spread spectrum" (5) means the technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow‑band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.

"Spread spectrum" radar (6) ‑ see "Radar spread spectrum".

"Stability" (7) means the standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time.

"States (not) Party to the Chemical Weapon Convention" (1) are those states for which the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons has (not) entered into force.  (See www.opcw.org)

"Substrate" (3) means a sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which 'discrete components' or integrated circuits or both can be located.

Technical Notes:

1. 'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

2. 'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"Substrate blanks" (6) means monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.

"Sub‑unit of toxin" (1) is a structurally and functionally discrete component of a whole "toxin".

"Superalloys" (2 9) mean nickel‑, cobalt‑ or iron‑base alloys having strengths superior to any alloys in the AISI 300 series at temperatures over 922 K (649oC) under severe environmental and operating conditions.

"Superconductive" (1 3 6 8 ML18 ML20) means materials, i.e., metals, alloys or compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e., which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.

Technical Note:

The "superconductive" state of a material is individually characterised by a "critical temperature", a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature.

"Super High Power Laser" ("SHPL") (6) means a "laser" capable of delivering (the total or any portion of) the output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an average or CW power exceeding 20 kW.

"Superplastic forming" (1 2) means a deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterised by low values of elongation (less than 20%) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing which are at least 2 times those values.

"Symmetric algorithm " (5) means a cryptographic algorithm using an identical key for both encryption and decryption.

Technical Note:

A common use of "symmetric algorithms" is confidentiality of data.

"System tracks" (6) means processed, correlated (fusion of radar target data to flight plan position) and updated aircraft flight position report available to the Air Traffic Control centre controllers.

"Systolic array computer" (4) means a computer where the flow and modification of the data is dynamically controllable at the logic gate level by the user.

"Tape" (1) is a material constructed of interlaced or unidirectional "monofilaments", 'strands', "rovings", "tows", or "yarns", etc., usually preimpregnated with resin.

Technical Note:

'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

"Technology" (GTN NTN All) means specific information necessary for the "development", "production" or "use" of a product. The information takes the form of technical data or technical assistance.  Controlled "technology" for the Dual‑Use List is defined in the General Technology Note and in the Dual‑Use List.  Controlled “technology” for the Munitions List is specified in ML22.

Technical Notes:

1. 'Technical data' may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read‑only memories.

2. 'Technical assistance' may take forms such as instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. 'Technical assistance' may involve transfer of 'technical data'.

"Terminal interface equipment" (4) means equipment at which information enters or leaves the telecommunication system, e.g., telephone, data device, computer, facsimile device.

"Three dimensional Vector Rate" (4) means the number of vectors generated per second which have 10 pixel poly line vectors, clip tested, randomly oriented, with either integer or floating point X‑Y‑Z coordinate values (whichever produces the maximum rate).

"Tilting spindle" (2) means a tool‑holding spindle which alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect to any other axis.

"Time constant" (6) is the time taken from the application of a light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1‑1/e times the final value (i.e., 63% of the final value).

"Total control of flight" (7) means an automated control of "aircraft" state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other "aircraft".

"Total digital transfer rate" (5) means the number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system.

N.B.:  See also "digital transfer rate".

"Tow" (1) is a bundle of "monofilaments", usually approximately parallel.

"Toxins" (1 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of "microorganisms".

"Transfer laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the lasing species is excited through the transfer of energy by collision of a non‑lasing atom or molecule with a lasing atom or molecule species.

"Tunable" (6) means the ability of a "laser" to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several "laser" transitions.  A line selectable "laser" produces discrete wavelengths within one "laser" transition and is not considered "tunable".

"Unmanned aerial vehicle" ("UAV") (9) means any "aircraft" capable of initiating flight and sustaining controlled flight and navigation without any human presence on board.

"Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233" (0) means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233, or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0.72 per cent).

"Use" (GTN NTN 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 ML21 ML22) means operation, installation (including on‑site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.

"User‑accessible programmability" (4 5 6) means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace "programs" by means other than:

a. A physical change in wiring or interconnections; or

b. The setting of function controls including entry of parameters.

"Vaccine" (1) is a medicinal product in a pharmaceutical formulation licensed by, or having marketing or clinical trial authorisation from, the regulatory authorities of either the country of manufacture or of use, which is intended to stimulate a protective immunological response in humans or animals in order to prevent disease in those to whom or to which it is administered.

"Vacuum Atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal to droplets of a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by the rapid evolution of a dissolved gas upon exposure to a vacuum.

"Variable geometry airfoils" (7) means the use of trailing edge flaps or tabs, or leading edge slats or pivoted nose droop, the position of which can be controlled in flight.

"Yarn" (1) is a bundle of twisted 'strands'.

Technical Note:

'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

An acronym or abbreviation, when used as a defined term, will be found in the 'Definitions of Terms' section.

Note 1 Terms in "quotations" are defined terms. Refer to the 'Definitions of Terms’ section.

Note 2  Chemicals are listed by name and CAS number. Chemicals of the same structural formula (including hydrates) are controlled regardless of name or CAS number. CAS numbers are shown to assist in identifying whether a particular chemical or mixture is controlled, irrespective of nomenclature. CAS numbers cannot be used as unique identifiers because some forms of the listed chemical have different CAS numbers, and mixtures containing a listed chemical may also have different CAS numbers.

ML1. Smooth‑bore weapons with a calibre of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre of 12.7 mm (calibre 0.50 inches) or less and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

 a. Rifles, carbines, revolvers, pistols, machine pistols and machine guns:

  Note ML1.a. does not control the following:

1. Muskets, rifles and carbines manufactured earlier than 1938;

2. Reproductions of muskets, rifles and carbines the originals of which were manufactured earlier than 1890;

3.         Revolvers, pistols and machine guns manufactured earlier than 1890, and their reproductions;

  N.B. For these goods and specially designed components therefor, see Items ML901, ML903 and ML904.

 b. Smooth‑bore weapons, as follows:

 1. Smooth‑bore weapons specially designed for military use;

  2. Other smooth‑bore weapons, as follows:

                            a. Of the fully automatic type;

 b. Of the semi‑automatic or pump‑action type;

 c. Weapons using caseless ammunition;

 d. Silencers, special gun‑mountings, clips, weapons sights and flash suppressors for arms controlled by sub‑items ML1.a., ML1.b. or ML1.c.

Note 1 ML1. does not control smooth‑bore weapons used for hunting or sporting purposes.  These weapons must not be specially designed for military use or of the fully automatic firing type. For these, see Item ML901.

Note 2 ML1. does not control firearms specially designed for dummy ammunition and which are incapable of firing any controlled ammunition. For these, see Item ML901.

Note 3 ML1. does not control weapons using non‑centre fire cased ammunition and which are not of the fully automatic firing type. For these, see Item ML901.

ML1. continued

Note 4 ML1.d. does not control optical weapon sights without electronic image processing, with a magnification of 4 times or less, provided they are not specially designed or modified for military use.

ML2. Smooth‑bore weapons with a calibre of 20 mm or more, other weapons or armament with a calibre greater than 12.7 mm (calibre 0.50 inches), projectors and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

 a. Guns, howitzers, cannon, mortars, anti‑tank weapons, projectile launchers, military flame throwers, recoilless rifles and signature reduction devices therefor;

  Note ML2.a. includes injectors, metering devices, storage tanks and other specially designed components for use with liquid propelling charges for any of the equipment controlled by ML2.a.

 b. Military smoke, gas and pyrotechnic projectors or generators.

  Note ML2.b. does not control signal pistols.

 c. Weapons sights.

ML3. Ammunition and fuze setting devices, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

1. Ammunition for the weapons controlled by ML1., ML2. or ML12.;

b. Fuze setting devices specially designed for ammunition controlled by ML3.a.

Note 1 Specially designed components include:

a. Metal or plastic fabrications such as primer anvils, bullet cups, cartridge links, rotating bands and munitions metal parts;

b. Safing and arming devices, fuzes, sensors and initiation devices;

c. Power supplies with high one‑time operational output;

d. Combustible cases for charges;

e. Submunitions including bomblets, minelets and terminally guided projectiles.

Note 2 ML3.a. does not control ammunition crimped without a projectile (blank star) and dummy ammunition with a pierced powder chamber. For this, and other ammunition not covered by Item ML3, see Item ML902.

Note 3 ML3.a. does not control cartridges specially designed for any of the following purposes:

a. Signalling;

b. Bird scaring; or

c. Lighting of gas flares at oil wells.

ML4. Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges and related equipment and accessories, as follows, specially designed for military use, and specially designed components therefor:

N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11, Note 7.

 a. Bombs, torpedoes, grenades, smoke canisters, rockets, mines, missiles, depth charges, demolition‑charges, demolition‑devices and demolition‑kits, "pyrotechnic" devices, cartridges and simulators (i.e. equipment simulating the characteristics of any of these items);

  Note ML4.a. includes:

1. Smoke grenades, fire bombs, incendiary bombs and explosive devices;

2. Missile rocket nozzles and re‑entry vehicle nosetips.

 b. Equipment specially designed for the handling, control, activation, powering with one‑time operational output, launching, laying, sweeping, discharging, decoying, jamming, detonation or detection of items controlled by ML4.a.

  Note 1 ML4.b. includes:

1. Mobile gas liquefying equipment capable of producing 1,000 kg or more per day of gas in liquid form;
2. Buoyant electric conducting cable suitable for sweeping magnetic mines.

Note 2 ML4.b. does not include detonators or other equipment for the detonation of non‑military explosives covered by ML908. For these, see ML909.

  Technical Note

  Hand‑held devices, limited by design solely to the detection of metal objects and incapable of distinguishing between mines and other metal objects, are not considered to be specially designed for the detection of items controlled by ML4.a.

ML5. Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, as follows, specially designed for military use, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:

 a. Weapon sights, bombing computers, gun laying equipment and weapon control systems;

 b. Target acquisition, designation, range‑finding, surveillance or tracking systems; detection, data fusion, recognition or identification equipment; and sensor integration equipment;

 c. Countermeasure equipment for items controlled by ML5.a. or ML5.b.

 d. Field test or alignment equipment, specially designed for items controlled by ML5.a. or ML5.b.

ML6. Ground vehicles and components, as follows:

N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11, Note 7.

1. Ground vehicles and components therefor, specially designed or modified for military use;

Technical Note

 For the purposes of ML6.a. the term ground vehicles includes trailers.

b.                          All wheel‑drive vehicles capable of off‑road use which have been manufactured or fitted with materials to provide ballistic protection to level III (NIJ 0108.01, September 1985, or comparable national standard) or better.

N.B. See also ML13.a.

Note 1 ML6.a. includes:

a. Tanks and other military armed vehicles and military vehicles fitted with mountings for arms or equipment for mine laying or the launching of munitions controlled under ML4;

b. Armoured vehicles;

c. Amphibious and deep water fording vehicles;

 d. Recovery vehicles and vehicles for towing or transporting ammunition or weapon systems and associated load handling equipment.

Note 2 Modification of a ground vehicle for military use controlled by ML6.a. entails a structural, electrical or mechanical change involving one or more specially designed military components.  Such components include:

a. Pneumatic tyre casings of a kind specially designed to be bullet‑proof or to run when deflated;

b. Tyre inflation pressure control systems, operated from inside a moving vehicle;

c. Armoured protection of vital parts, (e.g., fuel tanks or vehicle cabs);

d. Special reinforcements or mountings for weapons;

e. Black‑out lighting.

Note 3 ML6. does not control civil automobiles or trucks designed or modified for transporting money or valuables, having armoured or ballistic protection.

ML7. Chemical or biological toxic agents, "riot control agents", radioactive materials, related equipment, components, and materials, as follows:

1. Biological agents and radioactive materials "adapted for use in war" to produce casualties in humans or animals, degrade equipment or damage crops or the environment;

b.       Chemical warfare (CW) agents including:

  1. CW nerve agents:

   a. O‑Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl) ‑ phosphonofluoridates, such as:

    Sarin (GB):O‑Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate

    (CAS 107‑44‑8); and

    Soman (GD):O‑Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate

    (CAS 96‑64‑0);

   b. O‑Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl)

    N,N‑dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphoramidocyanidates, such as: Tabun (GA):O‑Ethyl

    N,N‑dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate

    (CAS 77‑81‑6);

   c. O‑Alkyl (H or equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl)

    S‑2‑dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl)‑aminoethyl alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated and protonated salts, such as:

    VX: O‑Ethyl S‑2‑diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate (CAS 50782‑69‑9);

  2. CW vesicant agents:

   a. Sulphur mustards, such as:

    1. 2‑Chloroethylchloromethylsulphide (CAS 2625‑76‑5);

    2. Bis(2‑chloroethyl) sulphide (CAS 505‑60‑2);

    3. Bis(2‑chloroethylthio) methane (CAS 63869‑13‑6);

    4. 1,2‑bis (2‑chloroethylthio) ethane (CAS 3563‑36‑8);

    5. 1,3‑bis (2‑chloroethylthio) ‑n‑propane (CAS 63905‑10‑2);

    6. 1,4‑bis (2‑chloroethylthio) ‑n‑butane (CAS 142868‑93‑7);

    7. 1,5‑bis (2‑chloroethylthio) ‑n‑pentane (CAS 142868‑94‑8);

    8. Bis (2‑chloroethylthiomethyl) ether (CAS 63918‑90‑1);

    9. Bis (2‑chloroethylthioethyl) ether (CAS 63918‑89‑8);

   b. Lewisites, such as:

    1. 2‑chlorovinyldichloroarsine (CAS 541‑25‑3);

    2. Tris (2‑chlorovinyl) arsine (CAS 40334‑70‑1);

    3. Bis (2‑chlorovinyl) chloroarsine (CAS 40334‑69‑8);

   c. Nitrogen mustards, such as:

    1. HN1: bis (2‑chloroethyl) ethylamine (CAS 538‑07‑8);

    2. HN2: bis (2‑chloroethyl) methylamine (CAS 51‑75‑2);

    3. HN3: tris (2‑chloroethyl) amine (CAS 555‑77‑1);

ML7. continued

  3. CW incapacitating agents, such as:

   a. 3‑Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ) (CAS 6581‑06‑2);

Note 1: For exports to "States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", ML7 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing 3‑Quinuclindinyl benzilate (BZ) in which BZ does not  constitute more than 1% by the weight of the mixture.

 Note 2: For exports to "States Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", ML7 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing 3‑Quinuclindinyl benzilate (BZ) in which BZ does not constitute more than 30% by the weight of the mixture.

  4. CW defoliants, such as:

   a. Butyl 2‑chloro‑4‑fluorophenoxyacetate (LNF);

   b. 2,4,5‑trichlorophenoxyacetic acid mixed with

    2,4‑dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Agent Orange).

c.        CW binary precursors and key precursors, as follows:

  1. Alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl Phosphonyl Difluorides, such as: DF: Methyl Phosphonyldifluoride (CAS 676‑99‑3);

  2. O‑Alkyl (H or equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) O‑2‑dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl) aminoethyl alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n‑Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphonites and corresponding alkylated and protonated salts, such as:

   QL: O‑Ethyl‑2‑di‑isopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite

   (CAS 57856‑11‑8);

  3. Chlorosarin: O‑Isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate

   (CAS 1445‑76‑7);

  4. Chlorosoman: O‑Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate

   (CAS 7040‑57‑5);

 d. "Riot control agents", active constituent chemicals and combinations thereof, including:

  1. ‑Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, (Bromobenzyl cyanide) (CA)

   (CAS 5798‑79‑8);

  2. [(2‑chlorophenyl) methylene] propanedinitrile,

   (o‑Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) (CS) (CAS 2698‑41‑1);

  3. 2‑Chloro‑1‑phenylethanone, Phenylacyl chloride

   (‑chloroacetophenone) (CN) (CAS 532‑27‑4);

  4. Dibenz‑(b,f)‑1,4‑oxazephine, (CR) (CAS 257‑07‑8);

  5. 10‑Chloro‑5,10‑dihydrophenarsazine, (Phenarsazine chloride), (Adamsite), (DM) (CAS 578‑94‑9);

  6. N‑Nonanoylmorpholine, (MPA) (CAS 5299‑64‑9);

Note 1 ML7.d. does not control "riot control agents" individually packaged for personal self defence purposes.

ML7. 4. continued

Note 2 ML7.d. does not control active constituent chemicals, and combinations thereof identified and packaged for food production or medical purposes.

 e. Equipment specially designed or modified for military use, for the dissemination of any of the following and specially designed components therefor:

  1. Materials or agents controlled by ML7.a., ML7.b. or d.; or

  2. CW made up of precursors controlled by ML7.c.

 f. Protective and decontamination equipment, specially designed components therefor, and specially formulated chemical mixtures, as follows:

  1. Equipment, specially designed or modified for military use, for defence against materials controlled by ML7.a., ML7.b. or d. and specially designed components therefor;

  2. Equipment, specially designed or modified for military use, for the decontamination of objects contaminated with materials controlled by ML7.a. or ML7.b. and specially designed components therefor;

  3. Chemical mixtures specially developed/formulated for the decontamination of objects contaminated with materials controlled by ML7.a. or ML7.b.;

  Note ML7.f.1. includes:

a. Air conditioning units specially designed or modified for nuclear, biological or chemical filtration;

b. Protective clothing.

N.B. For civil gas masks, protective and decontamination equipment see also entry 1A004.

 g. Equipment, specially designed or modified for military use, for the detection or identification of materials controlled by ML7.a., ML7.b.  or d. and specially designed components therefor;

  Note ML7.g. does not control personal radiation monitoring dosimeters.

 N.B. See also entry 1A004.

 h. "Biopolymers" specially designed or processed for the detection or identification of CW agents controlled by ML7.b., and the cultures of specific cells used to produce them;

 i. "Biocatalysts" for the decontamination or degradation of CW agents, and biological systems therefor, as follows:

  1. "Biocatalysts" specially designed for the decontamination or degradation of CW agents controlled by ML7.b. resulting from directed laboratory selection or genetic manipulation of biological systems;

  2. Biological systems, as follows: "expression vectors", viruses or cultures of cells containing the genetic information specific to the production of "biocatalysts" controlled by ML7.i.1.;

ML7. 4. continued

 Note 1 ML7.b. and ML7.d. do not control:

a. Cyanogen chloride (CAS 506‑77‑4);

b. Hydrocyanic acid (CAS 74‑90‑8);

c. Chlorine (CAS 7782‑50‑5);

d. Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) (CAS 75‑44‑5);

e. Diphosgene (trichloromethyl‑chloroformate) (CAS 503‑38‑8);

f. Deleted

g. Xylyl bromide, ortho: (CAS 89‑92‑9), meta: (CAS 620‑13‑3), para: (CAS 104‑81‑4);

h. Benzyl bromide (CAS 100‑39‑0);

i. Benzyl iodide (CAS 620‑05‑3);

j. Bromo acetone (CAS 598‑31‑2);

k. Cyanogen bromide (CAS 506‑68‑3);

l. Bromo methylethylketone (CAS 816‑40‑0);

m. Chloro acetone (CAS 78‑95‑5);

n. Ethyl iodoacetate (CAS 623‑48‑3);

o. Iodo acetone (CAS 3019‑04‑3);

p. Chloropicrin (CAS 76‑06‑2).

Note 2 The cultures of cells and biological systems listed in ML7.h. and ML7.i.2. are exclusive and these sub‑items do not control cells or biological systems for civil purposes, such as agricultural, pharmaceutical, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or in the food industry.

Note 3 The export of chemicals listed in ML7.b.1 and b.2, ML7.c.1, c.2, c.3 and c.4 in any concentration requires permission and prior consultation with ASNO.

Note 4  ML7 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries ML7.b.4, ML7.d.1, d.2, d.3, d.4, d.5 and d.6 in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30% by the weight of the mixture.

N.B. See also entries 1A004, 1C350, 1C351, 1C352, 1C353, 1C354 and 1C450.

ML8. "Energetic materials", and related substances, as follows:

N.B. See also entry 1C011.

Technical Notes

 1. For the purposes of this entry, mixture refers to a composition of two or more substances with at least one substance being listed in the ML8 sub‑items.

 2. Any substance listed in the ML8 sub‑items is controlled by this list, even when utilized in an application other than that indicated.  (e.g., TAGN is predominantly used as an explosive but can also be used either as a fuel or an oxidizer.)

 a. "Explosives", as follows, and mixtures thereof:

  1. ADNBF (aminodinitrobenzofuroxan or 7‑amino‑4,6‑dinitrobenzofurazane‑1‑oxide) (CAS 97096‑78‑1);

  2. BNCP (cis‑bis (5‑nitrotetrazolato) tetra amine‑cobalt (III) perchlorate) (CAS 117412‑28‑9);

  3. CL‑14 (diamino dinitrobenzofuroxan or 5,7‑diamino‑4,6‑dinitrobenzofurazane‑1‑oxide ) (CAS 117907‑74‑1);

  4. CL‑20 (HNIW or Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) (CAS 135285‑90‑4); chlathrates of CL‑20 (see also ML8.g.3. and g.4. for its "precursors");

  5. CP (2‑(5‑cyanotetrazolato) penta amine‑cobalt (III) perchlorate)

   (CAS 70247‑32‑4);

  6. DADE (1,1‑diamino‑2,2‑dinitroethylene, FOX7);

  7. DATB (diaminotrinitrobenzene) (CAS 1630‑08‑6);

  8. DDFP (1,4‑dinitrodifurazanopiperazine);

  9. DDPO (2,6‑diamino‑3,5‑dinitropyrazine‑1‑oxide, PZO) (CAS 194486‑77‑6);

  10. DIPAM (3,3‑diamino‑2,2,4,4,6,6‑hexanitrobiphenyl or dipicramide) (CAS 17215‑44‑0);

  11. DNGU (DINGU or dinitroglycoluril) (CAS 55510‑04‑8);

  12. Furazans, as follows:

   a. DAAOF (diaminoazoxyfurazan);

   b. DAAzF (diaminoazofurazan) (CAS 78644‑90‑3);

  13. HMX and derivatives (see also ML8.g.5. for its "precursors"), as follows:

   a. HMX (Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, octahydro‑1,3,5,7‑tetranitro‑1,3,5,7‑tetrazine, 1,3,5,7‑tetranitro‑1,3,5,7‑tetraza‑cyclooctane, octogen or octogene) (CAS 2691‑41‑0);

   b. difluoroaminated analogs of HMX;

   c. K‑55 (2,4,6,8‑tetranitro‑2,4,6,8‑tetraazabicyclo [3,3,0]‑octanone‑3, tetranitrosemiglycouril or keto‑bicyclic HMX) (CAS 130256‑72‑3);

  14. HNAD (hexanitroadamantane) (CAS 143850‑71‑9);

  15. HNS (hexanitrostilbene) (CAS 20062‑22‑0);

  16. Imidazoles, as follows:

   a. BNNII (Octahydro‑2,5‑bis(nitroimino)imidazo [4,5‑d]imidazole);

   b. DNI (2,4‑dinitroimidazole) (CAS 5213‑49‑0);

   c. FDIA (1‑fluoro‑2,4‑dinitroimidazole);

   d. NTDNIA (N‑(2‑nitrotriazolo)‑2,4‑dinitroimidazole);

   e. PTIA (1‑picryl‑2,4,5‑trinitroimidazole);

17.        NTNMH (1‑(2‑nitrotriazolo)‑2‑dinitromethylene hydrazine);

18.        NTO (ONTA or 3‑nitro‑1,2,4‑triazol‑5‑one) (CAS 932‑64‑9);

  19. Polynitrocubanes with more than four nitro groups;

ML8. a. continued

  20. PYX (2,6‑Bis(picrylamino)‑3,5‑dinitropyridine) (CAS 38082‑89‑2);

  21. RDX and derivatives, as follows:

   a. RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, cyclonite, T4, hexahydro‑1,3,5‑trinitro‑1,3,5‑triazine, 1,3,5‑trinitro‑1,3,5‑triaza‑cyclohexane, hexogen or hexogene) (CAS 121‑82‑4);

   b. Keto‑RDX (K‑6 or 2,4,6‑trinitro‑2,4,6‑triazacyclohexanone)

    (CAS 115029‑35‑1);

  22. TAGN (triaminoguanidinenitrate) (CAS 4000‑16‑2);

  23. TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene) (CAS 3058‑38‑6) (see also ML8.g.7 for its "precursors");

  24. TEDDZ (3,3,7,7‑tetrabis(difluoroamine) octahydro‑1,5‑dinitro‑1,5‑diazocine);

  25. Tetrazoles, as follows:

   a. NTAT (nitrotriazol aminotetrazole);

   b. NTNT (1‑N‑(2‑nitrotriazolo)‑4‑nitrotetrazole);

  26. Tetryl (trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) (CAS 479‑45‑8);

  27. TNAD (1,4,5,8‑tetranitro‑1,4,5,8‑tetraazadecalin) (CAS 135877‑16‑6)

   (see also ML8.g.6. for its "precursors");

  28. TNAZ (1,3,3‑trinitroazetidine) (CAS 97645‑24‑4)

   (see also ML8.g.2. for its "precursors");

  29. TNGU (SORGUYL or tetranitroglycoluril) (CAS 55510‑03‑7);

  30. TNP (1,4,5,8‑tetranitro‑pyridazino[4,5‑d]pyridazine) (CAS 229176‑04‑9);

  31. Triazines, as follows:

   a. DNAM (2‑oxy‑4,6‑dinitroamino‑s‑triazine) (CAS 19899‑80‑0);

   b. NNHT (2‑nitroimino‑5‑nitro‑hexahydro‑1,3,5‑triazine) (CAS 130400‑13‑4);

  32. Triazoles, as follows:

   a. 5‑azido‑2‑nitrotriazole;

   b. ADHTDN (4‑amino‑3,5‑dihydrazino‑1,2,4‑triazole dinitramide)

    (CAS 1614‑08‑0);

   c. ADNT (1‑amino‑3,5‑dinitro‑1,2,4‑triazole);

   d. BDNTA ([bis‑dinitrotriazole]amine);

   e. DBT (3,3‑dinitro‑5,5‑bi‑1,2,4‑triazole) (CAS 30003‑46‑4);

   f. DNBT (dinitrobistriazole) (CAS 70890‑46‑9);

   g. NTDNA (2‑nitrotriazole 5‑dinitramide) (CAS 75393‑84‑9);

   h. NTDNT (1‑N‑(2‑nitrotriazolo) 3,5‑dinitrotriazole);

   i. PDNT (1‑picryl‑3,5‑dinitrotriazole);

   j. TACOT (tetranitrobenzotriazolobenzotriazole) (CAS 25243‑36‑1);

  33. Any explosive not listed elsewhere in ML8.a. with a detonation velocity exceeding 8,700 m/s at maximum density or a detonation pressure exceeding 34 GPa (340 kbar);

  34. Other organic explosives not listed elsewhere in ML8.a. yielding detonation pressures of 25 GPa (250 kbar) or more that will remain stable at temperatures of 523K (250oC) or higher for periods of 5 minutes or longer.

 b. "Propellants", as follows:

  1. Any United Nations (UN) Class 1.1 solid "propellant" with a theoretical specific impulse (under standard conditions) of more than 250 seconds for non‑metallized, or more than 270 seconds for aluminized compositions;

ML8. b. continued

  2. Any UN Class 1.3 solid "propellant" with a theoretical specific impulse (under standard conditions) of more than 230 seconds for non‑halogenized, 250 seconds for non‑metallized compositions and 266 seconds for metallized compositions;

  3. "Propellants" having a force constant of more than 1,200 kJ/kg;

  4. "Propellants" that can sustain a steady‑state linear burning rate of more than 38 mm/s under standard conditions (as measured in the form of an inhibited single strand) of 6.89 MPa (68.9 bar) pressure and 294K (21oC);

  5. Elastomer modified cast double base (EMCDB) "propellants" with extensibility at maximum stress of more than 5% at 233K (‑40oC);

  6. Any "propellant" containing substances listed in ML8.a.

 c. "Pyrotechnics", fuels and related substances, as follows, and mixtures thereof:

  1. Aircraft fuels specially formulated for military purposes;

  2. Alane (aluminium hydride) (CAS 7784‑21‑6);

  3. Carboranes; decaborane (CAS 17702‑41‑9); pentaboranes (CAS 19624‑22‑7 and 18433‑84‑6) and their derivatives;

  4. Hydrazine and derivatives, as follows (see also ML8.d.8. and d.9. for oxidising hydrazine derivatives):

   a. Hydrazine (CAS 302‑01‑2) in concentrations of 70% or more;

   b. Monomethyl hydrazine (CAS 60‑34‑4);

   c. Symmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (CAS 540‑73‑8);

   d. Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (CAS 57‑14‑7);

  5. Metal fuels in particle form whether spherical, atomized, spheroidal, flaked or ground, manufactured from material consisting of 99 % or more of any of the following:

   a. Metals and mixtures thereof, as follows:

1. Beryllium (CAS 7440‑41‑7) in particle sizes of less than 60 µm;

2. Iron powder (CAS 7439‑89‑6) with particle size of 3 µm or less produced by reduction of iron oxide with hydrogen;

   b. Mixtures, which contain any of the following:

1. Zirconium (CAS 7440‑67‑7), magnesium (CAS 7439‑95‑4) or alloys of these in particle sizes of less than 60 µm;

2. Boron (CAS 7440‑42‑8) or boron carbide (CAS 12069‑32‑8) fuels of 85% purity or higher and particle sizes of less than 60 µm;

  6. Military materials containing thickeners for hydrocarbon fuels specially formulated for use in flame throwers or incendiary munitions, such as metal stearates or palmates (e.g. octal (CAS 637‑12‑7)) and M1, M2, and M3 thickeners;

  7. Perchlorates, chlorates and chromates composited with powdered metal or other high energy fuel components;

  8. Spherical aluminium powder (CAS 7429‑90‑5) with a particle size of 60 µm or less, manufactured from material with an aluminium content of 99% or more;

  9. Titanium subhydride (TiHn) of stoichiometry equivalent to n= 0.65‑1.68.

Note 1 Aircraft fuels controlled by ML8.c.1. are finished products not their constituents.

ML8. c. continued

Note 2 ML8.c.4.a. does not control hydrazine mixtures specially formulated for corrosion control.

Note 3 Explosives and fuels containing the metals or alloys listed in ML8.c.5. are controlled whether or not the metals or alloys are encapsulated in aluminium, magnesium, zirconium, or beryllium.

Note 4 ML8.c.5.b.2. does not control boron and boron carbide enriched with boron‑10 (20% or more of total boron‑10 content.)

 d. Oxidizers, as follows, and mixtures thereof:

  1. ADN (ammonium dinitramide or SR 12) (CAS 140456‑78‑6);

  2. AP (ammonium perchlorate) (CAS 7790‑98‑9);

  3. Compounds composed of fluorine and any of the following:

   a. Other halogens;

   b. Oxygen; or

   c. Nitrogen;

Note 1 ML8.d.3 does not control chlorine trifluoride.

Note 2 ML8.d.3 does not control nitrogen trifluoride in its gaseous state.

  4. DNAD (1,3‑dinitro‑1,3‑diazetidine) (CAS 78246‑06‑7);

  5. HAN (hydroxylammonium nitrate) (CAS 13465‑08‑2);

  6. HAP (hydroxylammonium perchlorate) (CAS 15588‑62‑2);

  7. HNF (hydrazinium nitroformate) (CAS 20773‑28‑8);

  8. Hydrazine nitrate (CAS 37836‑27‑4);

  9. Hydrazine perchlorate (CAS 27978‑54‑7);

  10. Liquid oxidisers comprised of or containing inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) (CAS 8007‑58‑7);

Note ML8.d.10 does not control non‑inhibited fuming nitric acid.

 e. Binders, plasticizers, monomers, polymers, as follows:

  1. AMMO (azidomethylmethyloxetane and its polymers) (CAS 90683‑29‑7) (see also ML8.g.1. for its "precursors");

  2. BAMO (bisazidomethyloxetane and its polymers) (CAS 17607‑20‑4)

   (see also ML8.g.1. for its "precursors");

  3. BDNPA (bis (2,2‑dinitropropyl)acetal) (CAS 5108‑69‑0);

  4. BDNPF (bis (2,2‑dinitropropyl)formal) (CAS 5917‑61‑3);

  5. BTTN (butanetrioltrinitrate) (CAS 6659‑60‑5)

   (see also ML8.g.8. for its "precursors");

  6. Energetic monomers, plasticizers and polymers containing nitro, azido, nitrate, nitraza or difluoroamino groups specially formulated for military use;

  7. FAMAO (3‑difluoroaminomethyl‑3‑azidomethyl oxetane) and its polymers;

  8. FEFO (bis‑(2‑fluoro‑2,2‑dinitroethyl) formal) (CAS 17003‑79‑1);

  9. FPF‑1 (poly‑2,2,3,3,4,4‑hexafluoropentane‑1,5‑diol formal) (CAS 376‑90‑9);

  10. FPF‑3 (poly‑2,4,4,5,5,6,6‑heptafluoro‑2‑tri‑fluoromethyl‑3‑oxaheptane‑1,7‑diol formal);

  11. GAP (glycidylazide polymer) (CAS 143178‑24‑9) and its derivatives;

ML8. e. continued

  12. HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) with a hydroxyl functionality equal to or greater than 2.2 and less than or equal to 2.4, a hydroxyl value of less than 0.77 meq/g, and a viscosity at 30°C of less than 47 poise (CAS 69102‑90‑5);

  13. Low (less then 10,000) molecular weight, alcohol functionalised, poly(epichlorohydrin); poly(epichlorohydrindiol) and triol;

  14. NENAs (nitratoethylnitramine compounds) (CAS 17096‑47‑8, 85068‑73‑1, 82486‑83‑7, 82486‑82‑6 and 85954‑06‑9);

  15. PGN (poly‑GLYN, polyglycidylnitrate or poly(nitratomethyl oxirane)

   (CAS 27814‑48‑8);

  16. Poly‑NIMMO (poly nitratomethylmethyloxetane) or poly‑NMMO

   (poly[3‑Nitratomethyl‑3‑methyloxetane]) (CAS 84051‑81‑0);

  17. Polynitroorthocarbonates;

  18. TVOPA (1,2,3‑tris[1,2‑bis(difluoroamino)ethoxy] propane or tris vinoxy propane adduct) (CAS 53159‑39‑0).

 f. "Additives", as follows:

  1. Basic copper salicylate (CAS 62320‑94‑9);

  2. BHEGA (bis‑(2‑hydroxyethyl) glycolamide) (CAS 17409‑41‑5);

  3. BNO (butadienenitrileoxide) (CAS 9003‑18‑3);

  4. Ferrocene derivatives, as follows:

   a. Butacene (CAS 125856‑62‑4);

   b. Catocene (2,2‑bis‑ethylferrocenyl propane) (CAS 37206‑42‑1);

   c. Ferrocene carboxylic acids;

   d. n‑butyl‑ferrocene (CAS 31904‑29‑7);

   e. Other adducted polymer ferrocene derivatives;

  5. Lead beta‑resorcylate (CAS 20936‑32‑7);

  6. Lead citrate (CAS 14450‑60‑3);

  7. Lead‑copper chelates of beta‑resorcylate or salicylates (CAS 68411‑07‑4);

  8. Lead maleate (CAS 19136‑34‑6);

  9. Lead salicylate (CAS 15748‑73‑9);

  10. Lead stannate (CAS 12036‑31‑6);

  11. MAPO (tris‑1‑(2‑methyl)aziridinyl phosphine oxide) (CAS 57‑39‑6); BOBBA 8 (bis(2‑methyl aziridinyl) 2‑(2‑hydroxypropanoxy) propylamino phosphine oxide); and other MAPO derivatives;

  12. Methyl BAPO (bis(2‑methyl aziridinyl) methylamino phosphine oxide) (CAS 85068‑72‑0);

  13. N‑methyl‑p‑nitroaniline (CAS 100‑15‑2);

  14. 3‑Nitraza‑1,5‑pentane diisocyanate (CAS 7406‑61‑9);

  15. Organo‑metallic coupling agents, as follows:

a. Neopentyl[diallyl]oxy, tri[dioctyl]phosphato‑titanate (CAS 103850‑22‑2); also known as titanium IV, 2,2[bis 2‑propenolato‑methyl, butanolato, tris (dioctyl) phosphato] (CAS 110438‑25‑0); or LICA 12 (CAS 103850‑22‑2);

b. Titanium IV, [(2‑propenolato‑1) methyl, n‑propanolatomethyl] butanolato‑1, tris[dioctyl] pyrophosphate or KR3538;

c.         Titanium IV, [(2‑propenolato‑1)methyl, n‑propanolatomethyl] butanolato‑1, tris(dioctyl)phosphate;

  16. Polycyanodifluoroaminoethyleneoxide;

ML8. f. continued

  17. Polyfunctional aziridine amides with isophthalic, trimesic (BITA or butylene imine trimesamide), isocyanuric or trimethyladipic backbone structures and 2‑methyl or 2‑ethyl substitutions on the aziridine ring;

  18. Propyleneimine (2‑methylaziridine) (CAS 75‑55‑8);

  19. Superfine iron oxide (Fe2O3) with a specific surface area more than 250 m2/g and an average particle size of 3.0 nm or less;

  20. TEPAN (tetraethylenepentaamineacrylonitrile) (CAS 68412‑45‑3); cyanoethylated polyamines and their salts;

  21. TEPANOL (tetraethylenepentaamineacrylonitrileglycidol) (CAS 68412‑46‑4); cyanoethylated polyamines adducted with glycidol and their salts;

  22. TPB (triphenyl bismuth) (CAS 603‑33‑8).

 g. "Precursors", as follows:

  N.B. In ML8.g. the references are to controlled “Energetic Materials” manufactured from these substances.

  1. BCMO (bischloromethyloxetane) (CAS 142173‑26‑0)

   (see also ML8.e.1. and e.2.);

  2. Dinitroazetidine‑t‑butyl salt (CAS 125735‑38‑8) (see also ML8.a.28.);

  3. HBIW (hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane) (CAS 124782‑15‑6)

   (see also ML8.a.4.);

  4. TAIW (tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane) (see also ML8.a.4.);

  5. TAT (1,3,5,7 tetraacetyl‑1,3,5,7,‑tetraaza cyclo‑octane) (CAS 41378‑98‑7) (see also ML8.a.13.);

  6. 1,4,5,8‑tetraazadecalin (CAS 5409‑42‑7) (see also ML8.a.27.);

  7. 1,3,5‑trichlorobenzene (CAS 108‑70‑3) (see also ML8.a.23.);

  8. 1,2,4‑trihydroxybutane (1,2,4‑butanetriol) (CAS 3068‑00‑6)

   (see also ML8.e.5.).

Note 5 For charges and devices see ML4.

Note 6 ML8. does not control the following substances unless they are compounded or mixed with the “energetic material” mentioned in ML8.a. or powdered metals in ML8.c.:

   a. Ammonium picrate;

   b. Black powder;

   c. Hexanitrodiphenylamine;

   d. Difluoroamine;

   e. Nitrostarch;

   f. Potassium nitrate;

   g. Tetranitronaphthalene;

   h. Trinitroanisol;

   i. Trinitronaphthalene;

   j. Trinitroxylene;

   k. N‑pyrrolidinone; 1‑methyl‑2‑pyrrolidinone;

   l. Dioctylmaleate;

   m. Ethylhexylacrylate;

ML8. g. continued

   n. Triethylaluminium (TEA), trimethylaluminium (TMA), and otlher pyrophoric metal alkyls and aryls of lithium, sodium, magnesium, zinc or boron;

   o. Nitrocellulose;

   p. Nitroglycerin (or glyceroltrinitrate, trinitroglycerine) (NG);

   q. 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene (TNT);

   r. Ethylenediaminedinitrate (EDDN);

   s. Pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN);

   t. Lead azide, normal and basic lead styphnate, and primary explosives or priming compositions containing azides or azide complexes;

   u. Triethyleneglycoldinitrate (TEGDN);

   v. 2,4,6‑trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid);

   w. Diethyldiphenyl urea; dimethylidiphenyl urea; methylethyldiphenyl urea [Centralites];

   x. N,N‑diphenylurea (unsymmetrical diphenylurea);

   y. Methyl‑N,N‑diphenylurea (methyl unsymmetrical diphenylurea);

   z. Ethyl‑N,N‑diphenylurea (ethyl unsymmetrical diphenylurea);

   aa. 2‑Nitrodiphenylamine (2‑NDPA);

   bb. 4‑Nitrodiphenylamine (4‑NDPA);

   cc. 2,2‑dinitropropanol;

   dd. Nitroguanidine (see entry 1C011.d).

N.B. See also item ML908.

ML9. Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, as follows, and components therefor, specially designed for military use:

 N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11, Note 7.

 a. Combatant vessels and vessels (surface or underwater) specially designed or modified for offensive or defensive action, whether or not converted to non‑military use, regardless of current state of repair or operating condition, and whether or not they contain weapon delivery systems or armour, and hulls or parts of hulls for such vessels;

 b. Engines, as follows:

  1. Diesel engines specially designed for submarines with both of the following characteristics:

   a. A power output of 1.12 MW (1,500 hp.) or more; and

   b. A rotary speed of 700 rpm or more;

  2. Electric motors specially designed for submarines having all of the following characteristics:

   a. A power output of more than 0.75 MW (1,000 hp.);

   b. Quick reversing;

   c. Liquid cooled; and

   d. Totally enclosed;

  3. Non‑magnetic diesel engines specially designed for military use with a power output of 37.3 kW (50 hp.) or more and with a non‑magnetic content in excess of 75% of total mass;

ML9. continued

 c. Underwater detection devices specially designed for military use and controls thereof;

 d. Submarine and torpedo nets;

 e. Deleted;

 f. Hull penetrators and connectors specially designed for military use that enable interaction with equipment external to a vessel;

  Note ML9.f. includes connectors for vessels which are of the single‑conductor, multi‑conductor, coaxial or waveguide type, and hull penetrators for vessels, both of which are capable of remaining impervious to leakage from without and of retaining required characteristics at marine depths exceeding 100 m; and fibre‑optic connectors and optical hull penetrators specially designed for "laser" beam transmission regardless of depth. It does not include ordinary propulsive shaft and hydrodynamic control‑rod hull penetrators.

 g. Silent bearings, with gas or magnetic suspension, active signature or vibration suppression controls, and equipment containing those bearings, specially designed for military use.

ML10. "Aircraft", "lighter‑than‑air vehicles", unmanned airborne vehicles, aero‑engines and "aircraft" equipment, related equipment and components, specially designed or modified for military use, as follows:

N.B. For guidance and navigation equipment, see ML11, Note 7.

 a. Combat "aircraft" and specially designed components therefor;

 b. Other "aircraft" and "lighter‑than‑air vehicles" specially designed or modified for military use, including military reconnaissance, assault, military training, transporting and airdropping troops or military equipment, logistics support, and specially designed components therefor;

 c. Unmanned airborne vehicles and related equipment, specially designed or modified for military use, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

  1. Unmanned airborne vehicles including remotely piloted air vehicles (RPVs), autonomous programmable vehicles and "lighter‑than‑air vehicles";

  2. Associated launchers and ground support equipment;

  3. Related equipment for command and control.

 d. Aero‑engines specially designed or modified for military use, and specially designed components therefor;

 e. Airborne equipment, including airborne refuelling equipment, specially designed for use with the "aircraft" controlled by ML10.a. or ML10.b. or the aero‑engines controlled by ML10.d., and specially designed components therefor;

ML10. continued

 f. Pressure refuellers, pressure refuelling equipment, equipment specially designed to facilitate operations in confined areas and ground equipment, developed specially for "aircraft" controlled by ML10.a. or ML10.b., or for aero‑engines controlled by ML10.d.;

g.       Military crash helmets and protective masks and specially designed components therefor, pressurised breathing equipment and partial pressure suits for use in "aircraft", anti‑g suits, liquid oxygen converters used for "aircraft" or missiles, and catapults and cartridge actuated devices for emergency escape of personnel from "aircraft";

 h. Parachutes and related equipment, used for combat personnel, cargo dropping or "aircraft" deceleration, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

  1. Parachutes for:

   a. Pin point dropping of rangers;

   b. Dropping of paratroopers;

  2. Cargo parachutes;

  3. Paragliders, drag parachutes, drogue parachutes for stabilisation and attitude control of dropping bodies, (e.g. recovery capsules, ejection seats, bombs);

  4. Drogue parachutes for use with ejection seat systems for deployment and inflation sequence regulation of emergency parachutes;

  5. Recovery parachutes for guided missiles, drones or space vehicles;

  6. Approach parachutes and landing deceleration parachutes;

  7. Other military parachutes;

  8. Equipment specially designed for high altitude parachutists (e.g., suits, special helmets, breathing systems, navigation equipment);

 i. Automatic piloting systems for parachuted loads; equipment specially designed or modified for military use for controlled opening jumps at any height, including oxygen equipment.

Note 1 ML10.b. does not control "aircraft" or variants of those "aircraft" specially designed for military use which:

a. Are not configured for military use and are not fitted with equipment or attachments specially designed or modified for military use; and

b. Have been certified for civil use by the civil aviation authority in a participating state*.

Note 2 ML10.d. does not control:

a. Aero‑engines designed or modified for military use which have been certified by civil aviation authorities in a participating state* for use in "civil aircraft", or specially designed components therefor;

b. Reciprocating engines or specially designed components therefor, except those specially designed for unmanned airborne vehicles.

Note 3 The control in ML10.b. and ML10.d. on specially designed components and related equipment for non‑military "aircraft" or aero‑engines modified for military use applies only to those military components and to military related equipment required for the modification to military use.

ML10. continued

*N.B. In June 2006, the Participating States of the Wassenaar Arrangement are:

 Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and United States.

ML11. Electronic equipment, not controlled elsewhere on the Munitions List as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

a. Electronic equipment specially designed for military use.

Note ML11.a. includes:

1. Electronic countermeasure and electronic counter‑countermeasure equipment (i.e., equipment designed to introduce extraneous or erroneous signals into radar or radio communication receivers or otherwise hinder the reception, operation or effectiveness of adversary electronic receivers including their countermeasure equipment), including jamming and counter‑jamming equipment;

2. Frequency agile tubes;

3. Electronic systems or equipment designed either for surveillance and monitoring of the electro‑magnetic spectrum for military intelligence or security purposes or for counteracting such surveillance and monitoring;

4. Underwater countermeasures, including acoustic and magnetic jamming and decoy, equipment designed to introduce extraneous or erroneous signals into sonar receivers;

5. Data processing security equipment, data security equipment and transmission and signalling line security equipment, using ciphering processes;

6. Identification, authentification and keyloader equipment and key management, manufacturing and distribution equipment;

7.       Guidance and navigation equipment.

b. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming equipment.

ML12. High velocity kinetic energy weapon systems and related equipment, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

 a. Kinetic energy weapon systems specially designed for destruction or effecting mission‑abort of a target;

 b. Specially designed test and evaluation facilities and test models, including diagnostic instrumentation and targets, for dynamic testing of kinetic energy projectiles and systems.

N.B. For weapon systems using sub‑calibre ammunition or employing solely chemical propulsion, and ammunition therefor, see ML1. to ML4.

Note 1 ML12. includes the following when specially designed for kinetic energy weapon systems:

1. Launch propulsion systems capable of accelerating masses larger than

0.1 g to velocities in excess of 1.6 km/s, in single or rapid fire modes;

b. Prime power generation, electric armour, energy storage, thermal management, conditioning, switching or fuel‑handling equipment; and electrical interfaces between power supply, gun and other turret electric drive functions;

c. Target acquisition, tracking, fire control or damage assessment systems;

d. Homing seeker, guidance or divert propulsion (lateral acceleration) systems for projectiles.

Note 2 ML12. controls weapon systems using any of the following methods of propulsion:

a. Electromagnetic;

b. Electrothermal;

c. Plasma;

d. Light gas; or

e. Chemical (when used in combination with any of the above).

ML13. Armoured or protective equipment and constructions and components, as follows:

 a. Armoured plate as follows:

  1. Manufactured to comply with a military standard or specification; or

  2. Suitable for military use;

 b. Constructions of metallic or non‑metallic materials or combinations thereof specially designed to provide ballistic protection for military systems, and specially designed components therefor;

 c. Military helmets;

 d. Body armour and protective garments manufactured according to military standards or specifications, or equivalent, and specially designed components therefor.

 N.B.  For "fibrous or filamentary materials” used in the manufacture of body armour, see entry 1C010.

Note 1 ML13.b. includes materials specially designed to form explosive reactive armour or to construct military shelters.

Note 2 ML13.c. does not control conventional steel helmets, neither modified or designed to accept, nor equipped with any type of accessory device.

Note 3 ML13.d. does not control body armour or protective garments when accompanying their user for the user’s own personal protection.

N.B.  See also entry 1A005.

ML14. Specialised equipment for military training or for simulating military scenarios, simulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled by ML1. or ML2., and specially designed components and accessories therefor.

Technical Note

 The term 'specialised equipment for military training' includes military types of attack trainers, operational flight trainers, radar target trainers, radar target generators, gunnery training devices, anti‑submarine warfare trainers, flight simulators (including human‑rated centrifuges for pilot/astronaut training), radar trainers, instrument flight trainers, navigation trainers, missile launch trainers, target equipment, drone "aircraft", armament trainers, pilotless "aircraft" trainers, mobile training units and training equipment for ground military operations.

Note 1 ML14. includes image generating and interactive environment systems for simulators when specially designed or modified for military use.

Note 2 ML14. does not control equipment specially designed for training in the use of hunting or sporting weapons.

ML15. Imaging or countermeasure equipment, as follows, specially designed for military use, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:

 a. Recorders and image processing equipment;

 b. Cameras, photographic equipment and film processing equipment;

 c. Image intensifier equipment;

 d. Infrared or thermal imaging equipment;

 e. Imaging radar sensor equipment;

 f. Countermeasure or counter‑countermeasure equipment for the equipment controlled by sub‑items ML15.a. to ML15.e.

  Note ML15.f. includes equipment designed to degrade the operation or effectiveness of military imaging systems or to minimize such degrading effects.

Note 1 The term 'specially designed components' includes the following when specially designed for military use:

a. Infrared image converter tubes;

b. Image intensifier tubes (other than first generation);

c. Microchannel plates;

d. Low‑light‑level television camera tubes;

e. Detector arrays (including electronic interconnection or read out systems);

f. Pyroelectric television camera tubes;

g. Cooling systems for imaging systems;

h. Electrically triggered shutters of the photochromic or electro‑optical type having a shutter speed of less than 100 µs, except in the case of shutters which are an essential part of a high speed camera;

i. Fibre optic image inverters;

j. Compound semiconductor photocathodes.

Note 2 ML15 does not control "first generation image intensifier tubes" or equipment specially designed to incorporate "first generation image intensifier tubes".

N.B. For the status of weapons sights incorporating "first generation image intensifer tubes" see entries ML1.d, ML2.c and ML5.a.

N.B. See also entries 6A002.a.2. and 6A002.b.

ML16. Forgings, castings and other unfinished products the use of which in a controlled product is identifiable by material composition, geometry or function, and which are specially designed for any products controlled by ML1.to ML4., ML6., ML9., ML10., ML12. or ML19.

ML17. Miscellaneous equipment, materials and libraries, as follows, and specially designed components therefor:

 a. Self‑contained diving and underwater swimming apparatus, as follows:

  1. Closed or semi‑closed circuit (rebreathing) apparatus specially designed for military use (i.e. specially designed to be non magnetic);

  2. Specially designed components for use in the conversion of open‑circuit apparatus to military use;

  3. Articles designed exclusively for military use with self‑contained diving and underwater swimming apparatus;

 b. Construction equipment specially designed for military use;

 c. Fittings, coatings and treatments for signature suppression, specially designed for military use;

 d. Field engineer equipment specially designed for use in a combat zone;

 e. "Robots", "robot" controllers and "robot" "end‑effectors", having any of the following characteristics:

  1. Specially designed for military use;

  2. Incorporating means of protecting hydraulic lines against externally induced punctures caused by ballistic fragments (e.g., incorporating self‑sealing lines) and designed to use hydraulic fluids with flash points higher than 839 K (566°C); or

  3. Specially designed or rated for operating in an electro‑magnetic pulse (EMP) environment;

 f. Libraries (parametric technical databases) specially designed for military use with equipment controlled by the Munitions List;