Standard 1.3.3
Processing Aids
Purpose
This Standard regulates the use of processing aids in food manufacture, prohibiting their use in food unless there is a specific permission within this Standard.
Standard 1.3.1 regulates the use of food additives.
Table of Provisions
1 Interpretation
2 General prohibition on the use of processing aids
3 Generally permitted processing aids
4 Permitted antifoam agents
5 Permitted catalysts
6 Permitted decolourants, clarifying and filtration agents
7 Permitted desiccating preparations
8 Permitted ion exchange resins
9 Permitted lubricants, release and anti-stick agents
10 Permitted carriers, solvents and diluents
11 Permitted processing aids used in packaged water and in water used as an ingredient in other foods
12 Permitted bleaching agents, washing and peeling agents
13 Permitted extraction solvents
14 Permitted processing aids with miscellaneous functions
15 Permitted enzymes of animal origin
16 Permitted enzymes of plant origin
17 Permitted enzymes of microbial origin
18 Permitted microbial nutrients and microbial nutrient adjuncts
Clauses
1 Interpretation
In this Standard-
EC [number] (Enzyme Commission number) means the number which the Enzyme Commission uses to classify the principal enzyme activity.
GMP means Good Manufacturing Practice.
maximum permitted level means the maximum amount of the processing aid which may be present in the food as specified in the Schedule.
processing aid means a substance listed in clauses 3 to 18, where –
(a) the substance is used in the processing of raw materials, foods or ingredients, to fulfil a technological purpose relating to treatment or processing, but does not perform a technological function in the final food; and
(b) the substance is used in the course of manufacture of a food at the lowest level necessary to achieve a function in the processing of that food, irrespective of any maximum permitted level specified.
2 General prohibition on the use of processing aids
Unless expressly permitted in this Standard, processing aids must not be added to food.
3 Generally permitted processing aids
The following processing aids may be used in the course of manufacture of any food at a level necessary to achieve a function in the processing of that food –
(a) foods, including water; and
(b) food additives listed in Schedule 2 of Standard 1.3.1; and
(c) a processing aid specified in the Table to this clause.
Table to clause 3
Activated carbon |
Aluminium stearate |
Ammonia |
Ammonium chloride |
Ammonium hydroxide |
Bone phosphate |
Calcium stearate |
Carbon monoxide |
Diatomaceous earth |
Ethoxylated fatty alcohols |
Ethyl alcohol |
Fatty acid polyalkylene glycol ester |
Furcellaran |
Hydrogenated glucose syrups |
Isopropyl alcohol |
Kaolin |
Magnesium hydroxide |
Magnesium stearate |
Oleic acid |
Oleyl oleate |
Oxygen |
Perlite |
Phospholipids |
Phosphoric acid |
Polyethylene glycols |
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids |
Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid |
Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate |
Polypropylene glycol alginate |
Potassium hydrogen tartrate |
Potassium hydroxide |
Potassium oleate |
Potassium stearate |
Silicates |
Sodium ethoxide |
Sodium hydroxide |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Sodium methoxide |
Sulphuric acid |
Tannic acid |
White mineral oil |
Editorial note:
‘Silicates’ include, but are not limited to, calcium aluminium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, sodium aluminosilicate, sodium calcium polyphosphate silicate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium metasilicate and sodium silicate.
4 Permitted antifoam agents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as an antifoam agent in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 4
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Butanol | 10 |
Dimethylpolysiloxane | 10 |
Methylphenylpolysiloxane | 10 |
Oxystearin | GMP |
Polyethylene glycol dioleate | GMP |
Polyethylene/ polypropylene glycol copolymers | GMP |
Polysorbate 60 | GMP |
Polysorbate 65 | GMP |
Polysorbate 80 | GMP |
Soap | GMP |
Sorbitan monolaurate | 1 |
Sorbitan monooleate | 1 |
5 Permitted catalysts
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as a catalyst in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 5
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Chromium | 0.1 |
Copper | 0.1 |
Molybdenum | 0.1 |
Nickel | 1.0 |
Peracetic acid | 0.7 |
Potassium ethoxide | 1.0 |
Potassium (metal) | GMP |
Sodium (metal) | GMP |
6 Permitted decolourants, clarifying and filtration agents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as decolourants, clarifying and filtration agents in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 6
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Acid clays of montmorillonite | GMP |
Chloromethylated aminated styrene‑divinylbenzene resin | GMP |
Copper sulphate | GMP |
Dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer | 150 |
Dimethyldialkylammonium chloride | GMP |
Divinylbenzene copolymer | GMP |
High density polyethylene co‑extruded with kaolin | GMP |
Iron oxide | GMP |
Fish collagen, including Isinglass | GMP |
Magnesium oxide | GMP |
Modified polyacrylamide resins | GMP |
Nylon | GMP |
Phytates (including phytic acid, magnesium phytate & calcium phytate) | GMP |
Polyester resins, cross-linked | GMP |
Polyethylene | GMP |
Polypropylene | GMP |
Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone | 100 |
Potassium ferrocyanide | 0.1 |
7 Permitted desiccating preparations
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as desiccating preparations in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 7
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Aluminium sulphate | GMP |
Ethyl esters of fatty acids | GMP |
Short chain triglycerides | GMP |
Sodium stearoyl lactylate | GMP |
8 Permitted ion exchange resins
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as an ion exchange resin in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 8
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Completely hydrolysed copolymers of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene | GMP |
Completely hydrolysed terpolymers of methyl acrylate, divinylbenzene and acrylonitrile | GMP |
Cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde activated with one or both of the following: triethylene tetramine and tetraethylenepentamine | GMP |
Cross-linked polystyrene, chloromethylated, then aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylenetriamine, or dimethylethanolamine | GMP |
Diethylenetriamine, triethylene-tetramine, or tetraethylenepentamin cross-linked with epichlorohydrin | GMP |
Divinylbenzene copolymer | GMP |
Epichlorohydrin cross-linked with ammonia | GMP |
Epichlorohydrin cross-linked with ammonia and then quaternised with methyl chloride to contain not more than 18% strong base capacity by weight of total exchange capacity | GMP |
Hydrolysed copolymer of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene | GMP |
Methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 2% by weight of divinylbenzene, aminolysed with dimethylaminopro-pylamine | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 3.5% by weight of divinylbenzene, aminolysed with dimethylaminopro-pylamine | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 3.5% by weight divinylbenzene and not more than 0.6% by weight of diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethaminopropylamine | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 7% by weight divinylbenzene and not more than 2.3% by weight of diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethaminopropylamine and quaternized with methyl chloride | GMP |
Reaction resin of formaldehyde, acetone, and tetraethylenepentamine | GMP |
Regenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then sulphonated, whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide employed does not exceed 250% of the starting quantity of cellulose | GMP |
Styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked coploymer, chloromethylated then aminated with dimethylamine and oxidised with hydrogen peroxide whereby the resin contains not more than 15% of vinyl N,N-dimethylbenzylamine-N-oxide and not more than 6.5% of nitrogen | GMP |
Sulphite-modified cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde, with modification resulting in sulphonic acid groups on side chains | GMP |
Sulphonated anthracite coal | GMP |
Sulphonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene | GMP |
Sulphonated terpolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylonitrile or methyl acrylate | GMP |
Sulphonated tetrapolymer of styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate derived from a mixture of monomers containing not more than a total of 2% be weight of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate | GMP |
9 Permitted lubricants, release and anti-stick agents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as lubricants, release and anti-stick agents in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 9
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Acetylated mono- and diglycerides | 100 |
Mineral oil based greases | GMP |
Polysorbate 60 | GMP |
Sodium stearoyl lactate | GMP |
Talc | GMP |
Thermally oxidised soya-bean oil | 320 |
10 Permitted carriers, solvents and diluents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as carriers, solvents and diluents in the course of manufacture of any food provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 10
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Anhydrous sodium sulphate | GMP |
Benzyl alcohol | 500 |
Croscarmellose sodium | GMP |
Ethyl acetate | GMP |
Ethyl alcohol | GMP |
Glycerol diacetate | GMP |
Glyceryl monoacetate | GMP |
Glycine | GMP |
Isopropyl alcohol | 1000 |
L-Leucine | GMP |
Talc | GMP |
Triethyl citrate | GMP |
11 Permitted processing aids used in packaged water and in water used as an ingredient in other foods
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used in the course of manufacture of packaged water and in water used as an ingredient in other foods provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 11
Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Aluminium sulphate | GMP |
Ammonium sulphate | GMP |
Calcium hypochlorite | 10 (available chlorine) |
Calcium sodium polyphosphate | GMP |
Chlorine | 10 (available chlorine) |
Chlorine dioxide | 10 (available chlorine) |
Cobalt sulphate | GMP |
Copper sulphate | GMP |
Cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde activated with one or both of triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine | GMP |
Cross-linked polystyrene, first chloromethylated then aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylenetriamine or dimethylethanolamine |
GMP |
Diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin |
GMP |
Ferric chloride | GMP |
Ferric sulphate | GMP |
Ferrous sulphate | GMP |
Hydrofluorosilic acid (fluorosilic acid) | GMP |
Hydrolyzed copolymers of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene |
GMP |
Hydrolyzed terpolymers of methyl acrylate, divinylbenzene and acrylonitrile |
GMP |
Hydrogen peroxide | 5 |
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid | GMP |
Lignosulphonic acid | GMP |
Magnetite | GMP |
Maleic acid polymers | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 2% divinylbenzene aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine |
GMP |
Methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer | GMP |
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 3.5% divinylbenzene and not more than 0.6% diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine |
GMP |
Modified polyacrylamide resins | GMP |
Monobutyl ethers of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol |
GMP |
Ozone | GMP |
Phosphorus acid | GMP |
Polyaluminium chloride | GMP |
Polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride | GMP |
Polyelectrolytes (acrylamide monomers) | GMP |
Polyoxypropylene glycol | GMP |
Potassium permanganate | GMP |
Reaction resin of formaldehyde, acetone and tetraethylenepentamine |
GMP |
Regenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide |
GMP |
Silver ions | 0.01 |
Sodium aluminate | GMP |
Sodium fluoride | GMP |
Sodium fluosilicate (Sodium silicofluoride) | GMP |
Sodium fumate | GMP |
Sodium glucoheptonate | 1 (measured as cyanide) |
Sodium gluconate | GMP |
Sodium hypochlorite | 10 (available chlorine) |
Sodium lignosulphonate | GMP |
Sodium metabisulphite | GMP |
Sodium nitrate | GMP |
Sodium polymethacrylate | 2.5 |
Sodium sulphite (neutral or alkaline) | GMP |
Styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer | GMP |
Sulphonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene | GMP |
Sulphonated terpolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate |
GMP |
Sulphite modified cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde | GMP |
Tannin powder extract | GMP |
Tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | GMP |
Zinc sulphate | GMP |
12 Permitted bleaching agents, washing and peeling agents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as bleaching agents, washing and peeling agents in the course of manufacture of the corresponding foods specified in the Table provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 12
Substance | Food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Benzoyl peroxide | All foods | 40 (measured as benzoic acid) |
Calcium hypochlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine) |
Chlorine | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine) |
Chlorine dioxide | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine) |
Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate | All foods | GMP |
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulphate | All foods | 0.7 |
Hydrogen peroxide | All foods | 5 |
Oxides of nitrogen | All foods | GMP |
Ozone | All foods | GMP |
Peracetic acid | All foods | GMP |
Sodium chlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine) |
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate | All foods | 0.7 |
Sodium hypochlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine) |
Sodium laurate | All foods | GMP |
Sodium metabisulphite | Root and tuber vegetables | 25 |
Sodium peroxide | All foods | 5 |
Sodium persulphate | All foods | GMP |
Triethanolamine | Dried vine fruit | GMP |
13 Permitted extraction solvents
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as extraction solvents in the course of manufacture of the corresponding foods specified in the Table provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 13
Substance | Food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) |
Acetone | Flavourings | 2 |
| Other foods | 0.1 |
Benzyl alcohol | All foods | GMP |
Butane | Flavourings | 1 |
| Other foods | 0.1 |
Butanol | All foods | 10 |
Cyclohexane | All foods | 1 |
Dibutyl ether | All foods | 2 |
Diethyl ether | All foods | 2 |
Ethyl acetate | All foods | 10 |
Glyceryl triacetate | All foods | GMP |
Hexanes | All foods | 20 |
Isobutane | Flavourings | 1 |
| Other foods | 0.1 |
Methanol | All foods | 5 |
Methylene chloride | Decaffeinated coffee | 2 |
| Decaffeinated tea | 2 |
| Flavourings | 2 |
Methylethyl ketone | All foods | 2 |
Propane | All foods | 1 |
Toluene | All foods | 1 |
Trichloroethylene | All foods | 2 |
14 Permitted processing aids with miscellaneous functions
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used for the corresponding function specified in the Table, provided the final food contains no more than the corresponding maximum permitted level specified in the Table.
Table to clause 14
Substance | Function | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) | ||
Yeast washing agent | GMP | |||
Ammonium sulphate | Decalcification agent for edible casings | GMP | ||
-Cyclodextrin | Used to extract cholesterol from eggs | GMP | ||
Butanol | Suspension agent for sugar crystals | 10 | ||
Carbonic acid | Bleached tripe washing agent | GMP | ||
Cetyl alcohol | Coating agent on meat carcasses and primal cuts to prevent desiccation |
1.0 | ||
Ethyl acetate | Cell disruption of yeast | GMP | ||
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid | Metal sequestrant for edible fats and oils and related products |
GMP | ||
Gibberellic acid | Barley germination | GMP | ||
Gluteral | Manufacture of edible collagen casings | GMP | ||
Hydrogen peroxide | Inhibiting agent for dried vine fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, sugar, vinegar and yeast autolysate | 5
| ||
| Removal of glucose from egg products | 5 | ||
| Removal of sulphur dioxide | 5 | ||
Indole acetic acid | Barley germination | GMP | ||
L-Cysteine (or HCl salt) | Dough conditioner | 75 | ||
Morpholine | Solubilising agent for coating mixtures on fruits | GMP | ||
Oak chips | For use in the manufacture of wine | GMP | ||
Paraffin | Coatings for cheese and cheese products | GMP | ||
Polysorbate 80 | Manufacture of edible collagen casings | GMP | ||
Polyvinyl acetate | Preparation of waxes for use in cheese and cheese products | GMP | ||
Potassium bromate | Germination control in malting | 0.1 | ||
Sodium bromate | Germination control in malting | 0.1 | ||
Sodium gluconate | Denuding, bleaching & neutralising tripe |
GMP | ||
Sodium glycerophosphate | Cryoprotectant for starter culture | GMP | ||
Sodium metabisulphite | Dough conditioner | 60 | ||
| Removal of excess chlorine | 60 | ||
| Softening of corn kernels for starch manufacture | 60 (in the starch) | ||
| Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMP | ||
Sodium sulphide | Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMP | ||
Sodium sulphite | Dough conditioner | 60 | ||
Stearyl alcohol | Coating agent on meat carcasses and primal cuts to prevent desiccation |
GMP | ||
Sulphur dioxide | Control of nitrosodimethylamine in malting | 750 | ||
| Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | 750 | ||
Sulphurous acid | Softening of corn kernels | GMP | ||
| Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMP | ||
Triethanolamine | Solubilising agent for coating mixtures for fruits |
GMP | ||
Manufacture of concentrated gelatine solutions | 1.5 times the mass of the gelatine present | |||
Woodflour from untreated Pinus radiata | Gripping agent used in the treatment of hides |
GMP | ||
15 Permitted enzymes of animal origin
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as enzymes in the course of manufacture of any food provided the enzyme is derived from the corresponding source specified in the Table.
Table to clause 15
Enzyme | Source |
Lipase EC [3.1.1.3] | Bovine stomach; salivary glands or forestomach of calf, kid or lamb; porcine or bovine pancreas |
Pepsin EC [3.4.23.1] | Bovine or porcine stomach |
Phospholipase A2 EC [3.1.1.4] | Porcine pancreas |
Thrombin EC [3.4.21.5] | Bovine or porcine blood |
Trypsin EC [3.4.21.4] | Porcine or bovine pancreas |
16 Permitted enzymes of plant origin
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as enzymes in the course of manufacture of any food provided the enzyme is derived from the corresponding source specified in the Table.
Table to clause 16
Enzyme | Source |
ß-Amylase EC [3.2.1.2] | Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas] |
Actinidin | Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) |
Bromelain EC [3.4.22.4] | Pineapple stem (Ananas comosus] |
Ficin EC [3.4.22.3] | Ficus sp |
Malt carbohydrases -Amylase & ß‑Amylase combined EC [3.2.1.1] / EC [3.2.1.2] | Malted cereals |
Papain EC [3.4.22.2] | Carica papaya |
17 Permitted enzymes of microbial origin
(1) The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as enzymes in the course of manufacture of any food provided the enzyme is derived from the corresponding source or sources specified in the Table.
(2) The sources listed in the Table to this clause may contain additional copies of genes from the same organism.
Table to clause 17
Enzyme | Source |
-Acetolactate decarboxylase EC [4.1.1.5] | Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis, containing the gene for -Acetolactate decarboxylase isolated from Bacillus brevis |
Aminopeptidase EC [3.4.11.1] | Lactocococcus lactis Aspergillus oryzae |
-Amylase EC [3.2.1.1]
| Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for -Amylase isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis, containing the gene for -Amylase isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus |
ß-Amylase EC [3.2.1.2] | Bacillus subtilis |
Arabinase EC [3.2.1.99] | Aspergillus niger |
Arabino-furanosidase EC [3.2.1.55] | Aspergillus niger |
Carboxyl proteinase EC [3.4.23.6] | Aspergillus melleus Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Rhizomucor miehei |
Catalase EC [1.11.1.6] | Aspergillus niger Microccocus luteus |
Cellulase EC [3.2.1.4] | Aspergillus niger Trichoderma reesei Trichoderma viride |
Chymosin EC [3.4.23.4] | Aspergillus niger var awamori Escherichia coli K-12 strain GE81 Kluyveromyces lactis CHY 1 |
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase EC [2.4.1.19] | Paenibacillus macerans |
Dextranase EC [3.2.1.11] | Chaetomium gracile Penicillium lilacinum |
Esterase EC [3.1.1.1] | Rhizomucor miehei
|
-Galactosidase EC [3.2.1.22] | Aspergillus niger |
ß-Glucanase EC [3.2.1.6] | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Bacillus subtilis Disporotrichum dimorphosporum Humicola insolens Talaromyces emersonii Trichoderma reesei |
Glucoamylase EC [3.2.1.3] | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Rhizopus delemar Rhizopus oryzae Rhizopus niveus |
Glucose isomerase or glucose isomerase xylose isomerase EC [5.3.1.5] | Actinoplanes missouriensis Bacillus coagulans Microbacterium arborescens Streptomyces olivaceus Streptomyces olivochromogenes Streptomyces murinus Streptomyces rubiginosus |
Glucose oxidase EC [1.1.3.4] | Aspergillus niger |
-Glucosidase (maltase) EC [3.2.1.20] | Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus niger |
ß-Glucosidase EC [3.2.1.21] | Aspergillus niger |
ß-Glucosidase exo-1,3 EC [3.2.1.58] | Trichoderma harzianum |
Hemicellulase endo-1,3-ß-xylanase EC [3.2.1.32] | Humicola insolens |
Hemicellulase endo-1,4-ß-xylanase or xylanase EC [3.2.1.8] | Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzae Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Hemicellulase endo-1,4--xylanase isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Hemicellulase endo-1,4--xylanase isolated from Thermomyces lanuginosus Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma reesei |
Hemicellulase multicomponent enzyme EC [3.2.1.78] | Aspergillus niger Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma reesei |
Inulinase EC [3.2.1.7] | Aspergillus niger |
Invertase EC [3.2.1.26] | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Lactase ß-Galactosidase EC [3.2.1.23] | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Saccharomyces fragilis Saccharomyces lactis |
Lipase, monoacylglycerol EC [3.1.1.23] | Penicillium camembertii |
Lipase, triacylglycerol EC [3.1.1.3] | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Humicola lanuginosa Rhizopus arrhizus Rhizomucor miehei Rhizophus niveus Rhizophus oryzae |
Maltogenic amylase EC [3.2.1.133] | Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for maltogenic amylase isolate from Bacillus stearothermophilus |
Metalloproteinase EC [3.4.24.4] | Aspergillus oryzaeBacillus subtilis Bacillus coagulans |
Mucorpepsin EC [3.4.23.23] | Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Aspartic proteinase isolated from Rhizomucor meihei Rhizomucor meihei Cryphonectria parasitica |
Pectin lyase [EC 4.2.2.10] | Aspergillus niger |
Pectin methylesterase or Pectinesterase [3.1.1.11] | Aspergillus niger |
Phytase EC [3.1.3.8] | Aspergillus niger |
Polygalacturonase or Pectinase multicomponent enzyme EC [3.2.1.15] | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Trichoderma reesei |
Pullulanase EC [3.2.1.41] | Bacillus acidopullulyticus Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Serine proteinase EC [3.4.21.14] | Bacillus lentus Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus subtilis Aspergillus oryzae |
Transglutaminase EC [2.3.2.13] | Streptomyces mobaraense |
Editorial note:
Bacillus subtilis covers the strain known under the name Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The Aspergillus niger group covers strains known under the names Aspergillus aculeatus, A. awamori, A. ficuum, A. foetidus, A. japonicus, A. phoenicis, A. saitor and A. usamii.
Trichoderma reesei is also known as Trichoderma longibrachiatum.
Saccharomyces fragilis is also known as Kluyveromyces fragilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus.
Saccharomyces lactis is also known as Kluyveromyces lactis.
Mucor miehei is the former name for Rhizomucor miehei.
Micrococcus lysodeikticus is the former name for Microccocus luteus.
Bacillus macerans is the former name for Paenibacillus macerans.
Penicillium emersonii is the former name for Talaromyces emersonii.
Klebsiella aerogenes is the former name for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Streptoverticillium mobaraense is the former name for Streptomyces mobaraense
18 Permitted microbial nutrients and microbial nutrient adjuncts
The processing aids listed in the Table to this clause may be used as microbial nutrients or microbial nutrient adjuncts in the course of manufacture of any food.
Table to clause 18
Adenine | Manganese chloride |
Adonitol | Manganese sulphate |
Ammonium sulphate | Niacin |
Arginine | Nitric acid |
Asparagine | Pantothenic acid |
Aspartic acid | Peptone |
Benzoic acid | Phytates |
Biotin | Polysorbate 80 |
Calcium pantothenate | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
Calcium propionate | Pyridoxine hydrochloride |
Copper sulphate | Riboflavin |
Cystine | Sodium formate |
Cysteine monohydrochloride | Sodium molybdate |
Dextran | Sodium tetraborate |
Dextrin | Thiamin |
Ferrous sulphate | Threonine |
Glutamic acid | Trehalose |
Glycine | Uracil |
Guanine | Urea |
Histidine | Xanthine |
Hydroxyethyl starch | Zinc chloride |
Inosine | Zinc sulphate |
Inositol |
|