To

A1

A2

A3

A4

B1.1

B1.2

B1.3

B1.4

B2

From

A1

–

6 months

6 months

6 months

2 years

6 months

2 years

1 year

2 years

A2

6 months

–

6 months

6 months

2 years

6 months

2 years

1 year

2 years

A3

6 months

6 months

–

6 months

2 years

1 year

2 years

6 months

2 years

A4

6 months

6 months

6 months

–

2 years

1 year

2 years

6 months

2 years

B1.1

None

6 months

6 months

6 months

–

6 months

6 months

6 months

1 year

B1.2

6 months

None

6 months

6 months

2 years

–

2 years

6 months

2 years

B1.3

6 months

6 months

None

6 months

6 months

6 months

–

6 months

1 year

B1.4

6 months

6 months

6 months

None

2 years

6 months

2 years

–

2 years

B2

6 months

6 months

6 months

6 months

1 year

1 year

1 year

1 year

–

11 Aeroplane aerodynamics, structures and systems

X

X

11A Turbine aeroplane aerodynamics, structures and systems

X

11B Piston aeroplane aerodynamics, structures and systems

X

13 Aircraft structures and systems

X

14 Propulsion —
avionic systems

X

13 Aircraft aerodynamics, structures and systems

X

14 Propulsion

X

5.1   Electronic instrument systems

1

2

2

3

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems.

5.2   Numbering systems

—

1

—

2

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems, and vice versa.

5.3   Data conversion

—

1

—

2

Analogue data, digital data;

Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

5.4   Data buses

—

2

—

2

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/ethernet.

5.5   Logic circuits

(a)

—

2

—

2

 Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

 Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams;

(b)

—

—

—

2

 Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6   Basic computer structure

(a)

1

2

—

—

 Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hardware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices, such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

 Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems);

(b)

—

—

—

2

 Computer-related terminology;

 Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a microcomputer, including their associated bus systems;

 Information contained in single and multi-address instruction words;

 Memory-associated terms;

 Operation of typical memory devices;

 Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7   Microprocessors

—

—

—

2

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

5.8   Integrated circuits

—

—

—

2

Operation and use of encoders and decoders;

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large-scale integration.

5.9   Multiplexing

—

—

—

2

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers.

5.10   Fibre optics

—

1

1

2

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre-optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre-optic data bus;

Fibre-optic related terms;

Terminations;

Couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

5.11   Electronic displays

—

2

1

2

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes and liquid crystal display.

5.12   Electrostatic sensitive devices

1

2

2

2

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

5.13   Software management control

—

2

1

2

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programs.

5.14   Electromagnetic environment

—

2

2

2

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

• EMC – electromagnetic compatibility
• EMI – electromagnetic interference
• HIRF – high-intensity radiated field
• Lightning and lightning protection.

5.15   Typical electronic/digital aircraft systems

—

2

2

2

General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated built-in test equipment (BITE), such as the following:

• ACARS – ARINC communication and addressing and reporting system
• ECAM – electronic centralised aircraft monitoring
• EFIS – electronic flight instrument system
• EICAS – engine indication and crew alerting system
• FBW – fly-by-wire
• FMS – flight management system
• GPS – global positioning system
• IRS – inertial reference system
• TCAS – traffic alert collision avoidance system.

7.7   Electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS)

1

3

3

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring-protection techniques: cable looming and loom support, cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques, including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

(b)

—

1

1

 Continuing airworthiness;

 Minimum equipment requirements — test flights;

 ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements;

 All weather operations: categories 2 and 3 operations.

11.1   Theory of flight

—

11.1.1   Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls

1

2

Operation, and effect, of the following:

• roll control: ailerons and spoilers
• pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards
• yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High-lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag-inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, sawtooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control, using vortex generators, stall wedges or leading-edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11.1.2   High-speed flight

1

2

—

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight;

Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shockwave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;

Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high-speed aircraft;

Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

11.2   Airframe structures — general concepts

(a)

2

2

—

 Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

 Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

 Fail-safe, safe-life and damage-tolerance concepts;

 Zonal and station identification systems;

 Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

 Drains and ventilation provisions;

 System installation provisions;

 Lightning-strike protection provision;

 Aircraft bonding;

(b)

1

2

—

 Construction methods of stressed-skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

 Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

 Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

 Surface cleaning;

 Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11.3   Airframe structures — aeroplanes

11.3.1   Fuselage (ATA52/53/56)

1

2

—

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11.3.2   Wings (ATA57)

1

2

—

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high-lift/drag attachments.

11.3.3   Stabilisers (ATA55)

1

2

—

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11.3.4   Flight control surfaces (ATA55/57)

1

2

—

Construction and attachment;

Balancing — mass and aerodynamic.

11.3.5   Nacelles and pylons (ATA54)

1

2

—

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

11.4   Air-conditioning and cabin pressurisation (ATA21)

11.4.1   Air supply

1

2

—

Sources of air supply, including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.

11.4.2   Air-conditioning

1

3

—

Air-conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

11.4.3   Pressurisation

1

3

—

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication, including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

11.4.4   Safety and warning devices

1

3

—

Protection and warning devices.

11.5   Instruments and avionic systems

11.5.1   Instrument systems (ATA31)

1

2

—

Pitot static: altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11.5.2   Avionic systems

1

1

—

Fundamentals of system layouts, and operation of the following:

• Auto flight (ATA22)
• Communications (ATA23)
• Navigation systems (ATA34).

11.6   Electrical power (ATA24)

1

3

—

Batteries installation and operation;

DC-power generation;

AC-power generation;

Emergency-power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External/ground power.

11.7   Equipment and furnishings (ATA25)

(a)

2

2

—

 Emergency equipment requirements;

 Seats, harnesses and belts;

(b)

1

1

—

 Cabin layout;

 Equipment layout;

 Cabin furnishing installation;

 Cabin entertainment equipment;

 Galley installation;

 Cargo handling and retention equipment;

 Airstairs.

11.8   Fire protection (ATA26)

(a)

1

3

—

 Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

 Fire extinguishing systems;

 System tests;

(b)

1

2

—

 Portable fire extinguisher.

11.9   Flight controls (ATA27)

1

3

—

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High-lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly‑by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection/warning system.

11.10   Fuel systems (ATA28)

1

3

—

System layout;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

11.11   Hydraulic power (ATA29)

1

3

—

System layout;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

11.12   Ice and rain protection (ATA30)

1

3

—

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

11.13   Landing gear (ATA32)

2

3

—

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

11.14   Lights (ATA33)

2

3

—

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

11.15   Oxygen (ATA35)

1

3

—

System layout: cockpit, cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

11.16   Pneumatic/vacuum (ATA36)

1

3

—

System layout;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11.17   Water/waste (ATA38)

2

3

—

Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

11.18   On-board maintenance systems (ATA45)

1

2

—

Central maintenance computers;

Data-loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage-tolerance monitoring).

11.19   Integrated modular avionics (ATA42)

1

2

—

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated modular avionics (IMA) modules include: bleed management, air pressure control, air ventilation and control, avionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control, air traffic communication, avionics communication router, electrical load management, circuit breaker monitoring, electrical system built-in test equipment (BITE), fuel management, braking control, steering control, landing gear extension and retraction, tyre pressure indication, oleo pressure indication, brake temperature monitoring;

Core system;

Network components.

11.20   Cabin systems (ATA44)

1

2

—

The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (cabin intercommunication data system (CIDS)), and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (cabin network service (CNS)). These include voice, data, music and video transmissions.

The CIDS provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels (FAPs).

The CNS is typically on a server, interfacing with systems, including the following:

• data/radio communication
• cabin core system (CCS)
• in-flight entertainment system (IFES)
• external communication system (ECS)
• cabin mass memory system (CMMS)
• cabin monitoring system (CMS)
• miscellaneous cabin systems (MCSs).

The CNS may host functions such as the following:

• access to pre-departure/departure reports
• email/intranet/internet access
• passenger database.

11.21   Information systems (ATA46)

1

2

—

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information, traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. These include units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function, such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. But they do not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include the following:

• air traffic and information management systems
• network server systems
• aircraft general information system
• flight deck information system
• maintenance information system
• passenger cabin information system
• miscellaneous information system.

11.1   Theory of flight

—

11.1.1   Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls

1

2

Operation and effect of the following:

• roll control: ailerons and spoilers
• pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards
• yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High-lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag-inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, sawtooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control, using vortex generators, stall wedges or leading-edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11.1.2   High-speed flight – N/A

—

—

—

11.2   Airframe structures — general concepts

(a)

2

2

—

 Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

 Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

 Fail-safe, safe-life and damage-tolerance concepts;

 Zonal and station identification systems;

 Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

 Drains and ventilation provisions;

 System installation provisions;

 Lightning-strike protection provision;

 Aircraft bonding;

(b)

1

2

—

 Construction methods of stressed-skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

 Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

 Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

 Surface cleaning;

 Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11.3   Airframe structures — aeroplanes

11.3.1   Fuselage (ATA52/53/56)

1

2

—

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, tailplane, pylon and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors and emergency exits: construction and operation;

Windows and windscreen attachment.

11.3.2   Wings (ATA57)

1

2

—

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high-lift/drag attachments.

11.3.3   Stabilisers (ATA55)

1

2

—

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11.3.4   Flight control surfaces (ATA55/57)

1

2

—

Construction and attachment;

Balancing — mass and aerodynamic.

11.3.5   Nacelles and pylons (ATA54)

1

2

—

Construction;

Firewalls

Engine mounts.

11.4   Air-conditioning and cabin pressurisation (ATA21)

1

3

—

Pressurisation and air-conditioning systems;

Cabin pressure controllers;

Protection and warning devices;

Heating systems.

11.5   Instruments and avionic systems

11.5.1   Instrument systems (ATA31)

1

2

—

Pitot static: altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11.5.2   Avionic systems

1

1

—

Fundamentals of system layouts, and operation of the following:

• auto flight (ATA22)
• communications (ATA23)
• navigation systems (ATA34).

11.6   Electrical power (ATA24)

1

3

—

Batteries installation and operation;

DC-power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Circuit protection;

Inverters, transformers.

11.7   Equipment and furnishings (ATA25)

(a)

2

2

—

 Emergency equipment requirements;

 Seats, harnesses and belts;

(b)

1

1

—

 Cabin layout;

 Equipment layout;

 Cabin furnishing installation;

 Cabin entertainment equipment;

 Galley installation;

 Cargo handling and retention equipment;

 Airstairs.

11.8   Fire protection (ATA26)

(a)

1

3

—

 Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

 Fire extinguishing systems;

 System tests;

(b)

1

2

—

 Portable fire extinguisher.

11.9   Flight controls (ATA27)

1

3

—

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder;

Trim tabs;

High-lift devices;

System operation: manual;

Gust locks;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall warning system.

11.10   Fuel systems (ATA28)

1

3

—

System layout;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

11.11   Hydraulic power (ATA29)

1

3

—

System layout;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems.

11.12   Ice and rain protection (ATA30)

1

3

—

Ice formation, classification and detection;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

11.13   Landing gear (ATA32)

2

3

—

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

11.14   Lights (ATA33)

2

3

—

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

11.15   Oxygen (ATA35)

1

3

—

System layout: cockpit, cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

11.16   Pneumatic and vacuum (ATA36)

1

3

—

System layout;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11.17   Water and waste (ATA38)

2

3

—

Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

12.4   Transmission

1

3

—

Gearboxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, freewheel units and rotor brake;

Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.

13.8   Instruments (ATA31)

—

—

3