Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 80/04 – Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles) 2023

I, CATHERINE KING, Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, determine this national road vehicle standard under section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018.

Dated: 14 February 2023

[SIGNED]

Catherine King

Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government

CONTENTS

1. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS

2. FUNCTION

3. APPLICABILITY

4. DEFINITIONS

5. REQUIREMENTS

6. EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES

7. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS

APPENDIX A

1. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS

1.1.              Name of Standard

1.1.1.              This standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 80/04 – Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles) 2023.

1.1.2.              This standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 80/04 – Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles, the Australian Design Rule 80/04, or ADR 80/04.

1.2.              Commencement

1.2.1.              This standard commences on the day after it is registered.

2. FUNCTION

2.1.              The function of this vehicle standard is to set exhaust emissions requirements for internal combustion engines used in heavy vehicles to reduce to burden of disease caused by air pollution.

3. APPLICABILITY

3.1.              This vehicle standard applies to all MA, MB, MC and MD category vehicles with a gross vehicle mass greater than 3,500kg and all ME, NB, and NC category vehicles from the dates set out in clauses 3.1.1 to 3.1.2 and the table under clause 3.3 below.

3.1.1.              1 November 2024 for all new model vehicles.

3.1.2.              1 November 2025 for all vehicles.

3.2.              For the purposes of clause 3.1.1 above, a “new model” is a vehicle model first produced with a ‘Date of Manufacture’ on or after the agreed date in that clause.

3.3.              Applicability Table

3.4              To the extent of any inconsistency, the applicability dates specified in clauses 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 apply in lieu of any dates specified in Appendix A.

4. DEFINITIONS

4.1.              For vehicle categories, definitions and meanings used in this standard, refer to:

4.1.1.              Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule – Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005; and

4.1.2.              Definitions in Appendix A of this standard.

4.2              For the purposes of Clause 5.1:

4.2.1              ‘Battery Electric Vehicle’ means a vehicle propelled exclusively by one or more electric motors drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system.

4.2.2              ‘Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle’ means a vehicle propelled exclusively by one or more electric motors powered by a fuel cell transforming hydrogen into electrical energy.

5. REQUIREMENTS

5.1.              Subject to 5.1.1 and 5.1.2, all vehicles must comply with either:

a) the requirements of Appendix A, as varied by Section 6 - Exemptions and Alternative Procedures; or

b) the technical requirements of one of the alternative standards set out in Section 7

5.1.1                                Battery Electric Vehicles need not comply with the requirements of clause 5.1, if the vehicle is fitted with a label or other emblem indicating the vehicle is a ‘Battery Electric Vehicle’ or BEV.

5.1.2 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles need not comply with the requirements of clause 5.1, if the vehicle is fitted with a label or other emblem indicating the vehicle is a ‘Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle’ or HFCV.

6. EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES

6.1.              Compliance with the following parts, sections and annexes of Appendix A is not required for the purposes of this standard:

              Section 3 Application for Approval

              Section 4 Approval

              Section 8 Conformity of production

              Section 9 Conformity of in-service vehicles/engines

              Section 10 Penalties for non-conformity of production

              Section 11 Modification and extension of approval of the approved type

              Section 12 Production definitively discontinued

              Section 13 Transitional provisions

              Section 14 Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities

              Appendix 1 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is satisfactory

              Appendix 2 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is unsatisfactory or unavailable

              Appendix 3 Procedure for production conformity testing at manufacturer's request

Appendix 4 Summary of approval process for engines fuelled with natural gas, engines fuelled with LPG and dual-fuel engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG

Annexes

Annex 1 Models of information document

Annex 2A              Communication concerning the approval of an engine type or family as a separate technical unit with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Addendum to type approval communication No … concerning the type approval of an engine type or family as a separate technical unit with regard to exhaust emissions pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2B              Communication concerning the approval of a vehicle type with an approved engine with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2C              Communication concerning the approval of a vehicle type with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Addendum to type approval communication No … concerning the type approval of a vehicle type with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2D              AES Documentation Package

Annex 3              Arrangements of approval marks

Annex 13              Type approval of replacement pollution control devices as separate technical unit

6.2 Engines fitted with a heated reagent tank and dosing system may comply with the requirements applicable to non-heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in Clause 2.4.3 of Annex 11 in lieu of the requirements applicable to heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in Clause 2.4.2 of Annex 11.

6.3 The on board diagnostic system must comply with:

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with a compression ignition or dual-fuel engine:

(i)     the PM Mass OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 1 of Annex 9A of Appendix A; and

(ii)    the NOx OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 1 of Annex 9A of Appendix A.

(b) if the vehicle is fitted with a positive ignition engine: the NOx and CO OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 2 of Annex 9A of Appendix A.

(c) if the vehicle is fitted with an engine that uses a consumable reagent to reduce emissions: the reagent quality and consumption "general" requirements as set out in paragraphs 7.1.1. and 8.4.1. of Annex 11 of Appendix A.

6.4 The documentation required in the following parts of Appendix A is not required to be submitted in an application to obtain a road vehicle type approval or component type approval to this vehicle standard under Section 16 or 174 of the Road Vehicle Standards Rules, but must be kept by the applicant as part of the supporting information required under Sections 30 and 187 of the Road Vehicle Standards Rules and supplied to the Department on request to ascertain compliance with the technical requirements of this vehicle standard in accordance with Sections 29 and 186 of the Road Vehicle Standards Rules:

 Section 5.1.4

 Section 5.5;

 Section 3.4 of Annex 7;

 Sections 6.4 and 6.5 of Annex 9A

 Section 1.6 of Annex 9A - Appendix 1;

 Sections 4.7.1.4, 4.7.2, 6.3 and 8 of Annex 9B

 Section 11 of Annex 10

 Section 2.2 of Annex 11

 Section A1.1 of Annex 11 – Appendix 1

 Annex 11 – Appendix 4

 Section 1 of Annex 14

 Section 11 of Annex 15

6.5 For the purposes of the PEMS test required by Annex 10 of Appendix A:

(a) compliance may be demonstrated by testing a representative vehicle configuration for that vehicle type with a gross combination mass up to 70 tonnes;

(b) vehicles/engine families need not comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor for particle number in Table 2 of Clause 6.3.

6.6 Except where referenced in Annex 10 of Appendix A, compliance with Annex 8 of Appendix A is not required for the purposes of this vehicle standard.

6.7 The test procedures specified in Amendment 3 and Amendment 4 to United Nations Global Technical Regulation No. 4 United Nations Global Technical Regulation on Test procedure for compression ignition (C.I.) engines and positive-ignition (P.I.) engines fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with regard to the emission of pollutants (WHTC) may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of Clause 5.3 of Appendix A for a hybrid engine/driveline in lieu of the test procedures specified in Appendices 1 to 6 of Annex 4 of Appendix A.

7. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS

UN Regulation No. 49

7.1.              Subject to Clauses 7.1.1 to 7.1.5, the technical requirements of United Nations Regulation No. 49 – Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines and positive ignition engines for use in vehicles, incorporating all amendments up to and including Supplement 4 to the 06 series of amendments or later.

7.1.1              Engines must satisfy the relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.1.

7.1.2 The on board diagnostic system must comply with:

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with a compression ignition or dual-fuel engine:

(i)     the PM Mass OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 1 of Annex 9A of this regulation; and

(ii)  the NOx OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 2 of Annex 9A of this regulation.

(b) if the vehicle is fitted with a positive ignition engine: the NOx and CO OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 2 of Annex 9A of this regulation.

(c) if the vehicle is fitted with an engine that uses a consumable reagent to reduce emissions: the reagent quality and consumption "general" requirements as set out in paragraphs 7.1.1. and 8.4.1 of this regulation.

7.1.3              Engines fitted with a heated reagent tank and dosing system may comply with the requirements applicable to non-heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in Clause 2.4.3 of Annex 11 of this regulation in lieu of the requirements applicable to heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in Clause 2.4.2 of Annex 11 of this regulation.

7.1.4.              Except where referenced in Annex 10, compliance with Annex 8 of this regulation is not required for the purposes of this vehicle standard.

7.1.5              For the purposes of the PEMS test required by Annex 10 of this regulation:

(a) compliance may be demonstrated by testing a representative vehicle configuration for that vehicle type or engine family with a gross combination mass up to 70 tonnes;

(b) vehicles/engine families shall comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor applicable to the stage they are demonstrating compliance to, as specified in Table 1 of Annex 3 of this regulation.

UN Regulation No. 83

7.2              Subject to Clause 7.2.1, the technical requirements of United Nations Regulation No. 83 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements, incorporating all amendments up to and including the 07 series of amendments or later.

7.2.1              Vehicles may comply with either the Preliminary OBD threshold limits in Table A11/2 of paragraph 3.3.2.2. of Annex 11 to this Regulation or the Final OBD threshold limits in Table A11/1 of paragraph 3.3.2.1. of Annex 11 of this regulation.

UN Regulation No. 154

7.3.              The ‘Level 1A’ technical requirements of United Nations Regulation No. 154 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of light duty passenger and commercial vehicles with regards to criteria emissions, emissions of carbon dioxide and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range (WLTP).

EU Regulations 595/2009 and 582/2011

7.4              Subject to Clauses 7.4.1 to 7.4.6, vehicles that comply with the technical requirements of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 together with the technical requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 of 25 May 2011, incorporating all amendments up to and including those adopted in Commission Regulation (EU) No 627/2014 of
12 June 2014 or later.

7.4.1              Engines must satisfy the relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.4

7.4.2 The on board diagnostic system must comply with:

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with a compression ignition or dual-fuel engine:

(i)     the PM Mass OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 1 of Annex X of Regulation 582/2011; and

(ii)  the NOx OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 1 of Annex X of Regulation 582/2011.

(b) if the vehicle is fitted with a positive ignition engine: the NOx and CO OTL monitoring requirements as set out in the row "general requirements" of Table 2 of Annex X of Regulation 582/2011.

(c) if the vehicle is fitted with an engine that uses a consumable reagent to reduce emissions: the reagent quality and consumption "general" requirements as set out in as set out in point 7.1.1 of Annex XIII of Regulation 582/2011

(d) the IUPR ‘General’ requirements as set out in Section 6 of Annex X of Regulation 582/2011.

7.4.3. Engines fitted with a heated reagent tank and dosing system may comply with the requirements applicable to non-heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in lieu of the requirements applicable to heated reagent tanks and dosing systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.4.

7.4.4. Except where referenced in Annex VI of Regulation 582/2011, compliance with Annex II of Regulation 582/2011 is not required for the purposes of this vehicle standard.

7.4.5 For the purposes of the PEMS test required by Annex VI of Regulation 582/2011:

(a) compliance may be demonstrated by testing a representative vehicle configuration for that vehicle type or engine family with a gross combination mass up to 70 tonnes;

(b) vehicles/engine families shall comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor applicable to the stage they are demonstrating compliance to, as specified in Table 1 of Appendix 9 of Regulation 582/2011.

7.4.6. EC type approval certificates for the vehicle or engine type are acceptable as evidence of compliance with this standard, if compliance with the requirements of 7.4.1 can be ascertained from the type approval. If the approval certificate is not written in English, it must be accompanied by English translation by a translator accredited by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters.

US EPA CFR

7.5              Subject to clauses 7.5.1 to 7.5.4 inclusive, the technical requirements of the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 86 – Control of air pollution from new and in-use motor vehicles and new and in-use motor vehicle engines certification and test procedures - Subpart A 40 CFR 86.007-11 Emission standards and supplemental requirements for 2007 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

7.5.1              Engines must meet the emission limits specified in 86.007-11 (a)(1), paragraphs (i)(A), (ii)(A), (iii) and (iv)(A) and 86.007-11 (a)(3)SET(i).

7.5.2              Engines must be tested in accordance with the test procedures applicable at the time of the engine’s original certification by the US EPA as specified in Subpart N 40 CFR 86.1300 series – Emission Regulations for new Otto-cycle and diesel heavy duty engines; gaseous and particulate exhaust test procedures.

7.5.3              Engines must satisfy the relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to Model Year 2013 or later heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

7.5.4              Engines must be equipped with an On Board Diagnostic system that meets the requirements of Subpart A 40 CFR 86.007-17 or 86.010-18 for Model Year 2013 or later vehicles.

7.5.5              Engines fitted with a heated reagent tank and dosing system may comply with the requirements applicable to non-heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in lieu of the requirements applicable to heated reagent tanks and dosing systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.5.

7.5.6.              Certificates of conformity issued by the US EPA for Model Year 2013 or later for the engine type are acceptable as evidence of compliance, if the certificate is accompanied by evidence demonstrating that the engine meets the requirements of Clause 7.5.1.

US EPA CFR (Petrol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Natural Gas Engines)

7.6              Subject to clauses 7.6.1 to 7.6.3 inclusive, for vehicles fitted with engines which operate on petrol, liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas: the technical requirements of the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 86 - Control of air pollution from new and in-use motor vehicles and new and in-use motor vehicle engines certification and test procedures - Subpart A 40 CFR 86.008-10 Emission standards for 2008 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

7.6.1              Engines must meet the exhaust emission limits specified in 86.008-10 (a)(1) paragraphs (i)(A), (ii)(A), (iii) and (iv), and the applicable evaporative emission limits specified in 86.008-10 (b).

7.6.2              Engines must be tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures as specified in Subpart N 40 CFR 86.1300 series – Emission Regulations for new Otto-cycle and diesel heavy duty engines; gaseous and particulate exhaust test procedures.

7.6.3              Engines must satisfy the relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, on board diagnostic system requirements and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.6.

7.6.4.              Certificates of conformity issued by the US EPA for Model Year 2013 or later for the engine type are acceptable as evidence of compliance, if the certificate is accompanied by evidence demonstrating that the engine meets the requirements of Clause 7.6.1.

US EPA CFR (Vehicles within the scope of the US light duty vehicle standards)

7.7.              Subject to clause 7.7.1 to 7.7.2, the technical requirements of the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 86 – Control of air pollution from new and in-use motor vehicles and new and in-use motor vehicle engines certification and test procedures, Tier 3 requirements as specified by Subpart S 86.1811-17 Exhaust Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

7.7.1              Engines must satisfy the relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, on board diagnostic system requirements and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.7.

7.7.2              Certificates of conformity to the Tier 3 standards issued by the US EPA for the vehicle type are acceptable as evidence of compliance.

Japanese MLIT Regulations (Diesel Engines)

7.8              Subject to clause 7.8.1 to 7.8.3, for vehicles fitted with engines which operate on diesel: the technical requirements of Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Announcement No. 619 of 15 July 2002 (as last amended by Announcement No. 212 of 15 February 2019), Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 41 (Emission Control Device), paragraph (5) [WHTC-Mode Mean Value Regulations at Time of Completion Inspection, etc. for Diesel Motor Vehicles (with GVW exceeding 3.5 tons)] are deemed to comply this vehicle standard.

7.8.1              Engines must satisfy relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, on board diagnostic system requirements and rules regarding the use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.8.

7.8.2 Engines fitted with a heated reagent tank and dosing system may comply with the requirements applicable to non-heated reagent tanks and dosing systems in lieu of the requirements applicable to heated reagent tanks and dosing systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.7.

7.8.3 A type approval issued by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is acceptable as evidence of compliance, if it is accompanied by an English translation by a translator accredited by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters.

Japanese MLIT Regulations (Petrol and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Engines)

7.9 Subject to clause 7.9.1 and 7.9.2, for vehicles fitted with engines which operate on petrol or liquefied petroleum gas: the technical requirements of Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Announcement No. 619 of 15 July 2002 (as last amended by Announcement No. 212 of 15 February 2019), Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 41 (Emission Control Device), paragraph (1) [JE05-Mode Mean Value Regulations at Time of Completion Inspection, etc. for Gasoline•LPG Motor Vehicles (with GVW exceeding 3.5 tons)].

7.9.1              Engines must satisfy relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, on board diagnostic system requirements and rules regarding use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.9.

7.9.2 A type approval issued by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is acceptable as evidence of compliance, if it is accompanied by an English translation by a translator accredited by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters.

Japanese MLIT Regulations (Natural Gas Engines)

7.10 Subject to clause 7.10.1 and 7.10.2, for vehicles fitted with engines which operate on natural gas: the technical requirements of Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Announcement No. 619 of 15 July 2002 (as last amended by Announcement No. 212 of 15 February 2019), Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 41 (Emission Control Device), paragraph (1) [JE05-Mode Mean Value Regulations at Time of Completion Inspection, etc. for Motor Vehicles Fueled by Other Fuel (with GVW exceeding 3.5 tons)].

7.10.1              Engines must satisfy relevant useful life provisions, not to exceed test requirements, on board diagnostic system requirements and rules regarding the use of auxiliary emission control devices or systems applicable to engines meeting the requirements of Clause 7.10.

7.10.2 A type approval issued by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is acceptable as evidence of compliance, if it is accompanied by an English translation by a translator accredited by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters.

APPENDIX A

Text based on UN Regulation No. 49
(Revision 6, incorporating Amendments 1 to 7)

Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines and positive ignition engines for use in vehicles

Incorporating by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts, all valid text up to:

Supplement 1 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 15 July 2013

Supplement 2 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 10 June 2014

Supplement 3 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 20 January 2016

Supplement 4 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 9 February 2017

Supplement 5 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 19 July 2018

Supplement 6 to the 06 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 29 December 2018

07 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 7 January 2022

Note: The following clauses have been amended by the Department to clarify the requirements of this Appendix.

Regulation No. 49

Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines and positive ignition engines for use in vehicles

Contents

 Page

1.  Scope

2.  Definitions

3.  Application for approval

4.  Approval

5.  Requirements and tests

6.  Installation on the vehicle

7.  Engine family

8.  Conformity of production

9.  Conformity of in-service vehicles/engines

10.  Penalties for non-conformity of production

11. Modification and extension of approval of the approved type

12.  Production definitively discontinued

13.  Transitional provisions

14. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities

Appendix 1 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is satisfactory

Appendix 2 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is unsatisfactory or unavailable

Appendix 3 Procedure for production conformity testing at manufacturer's request

Appendix 4 Summary of approval process for engines fuelled with natural gas, engines fuelled with LPG and dual-fuel engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG

Annex 1 Models of information document

Appendix to information document

Annex 2A Communication concerning the approval of an engine type or family as a separate technical unit with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Addendum to type approval communication No … concerning the type approval of an engine type or family as a separate technical unit with regard to exhaust emissions pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2B Communication concerning the approval of a vehicle type with an approved engine with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2C Communication concerning the approval of a vehicle type with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Addendum to type approval communication No … concerning the type approval of a vehicle type with regard to the emission of pollutants pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 2D AES Documentation Package

Annex 3 Arrangements of approval marks

Annex 4 Test procedure

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 1 WHTC engine dynamometer schedule

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 2 Measurement equipment

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 3 Statistics

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 4 Carbon flow check

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 5 Example of calculation procedure

Annex 4 ‑Appendix 6 Installation of auxiliaries and equipment for emissions test

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 7 Procedure for the measurement of ammonia

Annex 4 ‑ Appendix 8 Particle number emissions measurement equipment

Annex 5 Specifications of reference fuels

Annex 6 Emissions data required at type approval for roadworthiness purposes

Annex 7 Verifying the durability of engine systems

Annex 8 Conformity of in-service engines or vehicles

Annex 8 ‑ Appendix 1Test procedure for vehicle emissions testing with portable emissions measurement systems

Annex 8 ‑ Appendix 2 Portable measurement equipment

Annex 8 ‑ Appendix 3 Calibration of portable measurement equipment

Annex 8 ‑ Appendix 4 Method to check the conformity of the ECU torque-signal

Annex 9A On-board diagnostic systems (OBD)

Annex 9A ‑ Appendix 1 Assessment of the in-use performance of the on-board diagnostic system

Annex 9A ‑ Appendix 2 Model of an OBD in-use performance compliance statement

Annex 9B Technical requirements for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD)

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 1 Approval of installation of OBD systems

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 2Malfunctions - Illustration of the DTC status - Illustration of the MI and counters activation schemes

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 3 Monitoring requirements

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 4 Technical compliance report

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 5 Freeze frame and data stream information

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 6 Reference standard documents

Annex 9B ‑ Appendix 7 Performance monitoring

Annex 9B - Appendix 8 Demonstration requirements in case of performance monitoring of a wall-flow diesel particulate filter

Annex 9C Technical requirements for assessing the in-use performance of on-board diagnostic systems (OBD)

Annex 9C ‑ Appendix 1 Groups of monitors

Annex 10 Requirements to limit Off-Cycle Emissions (OCE) and in-use emissions

Annex 10 ‑ Appendix 1 PEMS demonstration test at type approval

Annex 10 - Appendix 2 Methodology for the assessment of AES

Annex 11 Requirements to ensure the correct operation of NOx control measures

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 1 Demonstration requirements

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 2Description of the driver warning and inducement activation and deactivation mechanisms

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 3 Low level inducement torque reduction scheme

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 4Demonstration of correct installation on a vehicle in the case of engines type-approved as a separate technical unit

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 5 Access to "NOx control information"

Annex 11 ‑ Appendix 6 Demonstration of the minimum acceptable reagent concentration CDmin

Annex 12 CO2 emissions and fuel consumption

Annex 12 ‑ Appendix 1 Provisions on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for extension of a type approval for a vehicle type-approved under this Regulation with a reference mass exceeding 2,380 kg but not exceeding 2,610 kg

Annex 13 Type approval of replacement pollution control devices as separate technical unit

Annex 13 ‑ Appendix 1 Model information document

Annex 13 ‑ Appendix 2Communication concerning the approval of a replacement pollution control device pursuant to Regulation No. 49, 07 series of amendments

Annex 13 ‑ Appendix 3 Arrangement of approval mark

Annex 13 ‑ Appendix 4Durability procedure for evaluation of emissions performance of a replacement pollution control device

Annex 14 Access to vehicle OBD information

Annex 15 Additional technical requirements for diesel-gas dual-fuel engines and vehicles

Annex 15 - Appendix 1 Types of HDDF engines and vehicles - illustration of the definitions and main requirements

Annex 15 - Appendix 2 Activation and deactivation mechanisms of the counter(s), warning system, operability restriction, service mode in case of dual-fuel engines and vehicles - Description and illustrations

Annex 15 - Appendix 3 HDDF dual-fuel indicator, warning system, operability restriction - Demonstration requirements

Annex 15 - Appendix 4 Additional emission test procedure requirements for dual-fuel engines

Annex 15 - Appendix 5 Additional PEMS emission test procedure requirements for dual-fuel engines

Annex 15 - Appendix 6 Determination of molar component ratios and ugas values for dual-fuel engines

1.  Scope

1.1. This Regulation shall apply to motor vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1 and N2 with a reference mass exceeding 2,610 kg and to all motor vehicles of categories M3 and N3[4].

 At the request of the manufacturer, the type approval of a completed vehicle given under this Regulation shall be extended to its incomplete vehicle with a reference mass below 2,610 kg. Type approvals shall be extended if the manufacturer can demonstrate that all bodywork combinations expected to be built onto the incomplete vehicle increase the reference mass of the vehicle to above 2,610 kg.

  At the request of the manufacturer, the type approval of a vehicle granted under this Regulation shall be extended to its variants and versions with a reference mass above 2,380 kg provided that it also meets the requirements relating to the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption in accordance with paragraph 4.2. of this Regulation.

1.2. Equivalent approvals

 The following do not need to be approved according to this Regulation: engines mounted in vehicles of up to 2,840 kg reference mass to which an approval to UN Regulation No. 83 or UN Regulation No. 154 has been granted as an extension.

2.  Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:

2.1. "Ageing cycle" means the vehicle or engine operation (speed, load, power) to be executed during the service accumulation period;

2.2. "Approval of an engine (engine family)" means the approval of an engine type (engine family) with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants, smoke and the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system;

2.3. "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of vehicle type with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants and smoke by its engine as well as the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system and the engine installation on the vehicle;

2.4. "Auxiliary Emission Strategy" (AES) means an emission strategy that becomes active and replaces or modifies a base emission strategy for a specific purpose and in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions and only remains operational as long as those conditions exist;

2.5. "Base Emission Strategy" (BES) means an emission strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the engine unless an AES is activated;

2.6. "Continuous regeneration" means the regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs either permanently or at least once per World Harmonised Transient Driving Cycle (WHTC) hot start test;

2.7. "Crankcase" means the spaces in, or external to, an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapours can be emitted;

2.8. "Critical emission-related components" means the following components which are designed primarily for emission control: any exhaust after-treatment system, the ECU and its associated sensors and actuators, and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system including all related filters, coolers, control valves and tubing;

2.9. "Critical emission-related maintenance" means the maintenance to be performed on critical emission-related components;

2.10. "Defeat strategy" means an emission strategy that does not meet the performance requirements for a base and/or auxiliary emission strategy as specified in this annex;

2.11. "deNOx system" means an exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (e.g. passive and active lean NOx catalysts, NOx adsorbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems);

2.12. "Diagnostic trouble code" (DTC) means a numeric or alphanumeric identifier which identifies or labels a malfunction;

2.13. "Diesel mode" means the normal operating mode of a dual-fuel engine during which the engine does not use any gaseous fuel for any engine operating condition;"

2.14. "Driving cycle" means a sequence consisting of an engine start, an operating period (of the vehicle), an engine shut-off, and the time until the next engine start;

2.15. "Dual-fuel engine" means an engine system that is designed to simultaneously operate with diesel fuel and a gaseous fuel, both fuels being metered separately, where the consumed amount of one of the fuels relative to the other one may vary depending on the operation;

2.16. "Dual-fuel mode" means the normal operating mode of a dual-fuel engine during which the engine simultaneously uses diesel fuel and a gaseous fuel at some engine operating conditions;

2.17. "Dual-fuel vehicle" means a vehicle that is powered by a dual-fuel engine and that supplies the fuels used by the engine from separate on-board storage systems;"

2.18. "Element of design" means in respect of a vehicle or engine:

(a) Any element of the engine system;

(b) Any control system, including: computer software; electronic control systems; and computer logic;

(c) Any control system calibration; or

(d) The results of any interaction of systems;

2.19. "Emission control monitoring system" means the system that ensures correct operation of the NOx control measures implemented in the engine system according to the requirements of paragraph 5.5;

"Emission control system" means the elements of design and emission strategies developed or calibrated for the purpose of controlling emissions;

2.20. "Emission related maintenance" means the maintenance which substantially affects emissions or which is likely to affect emissions deterioration of the vehicle or the engine during normal in-use operation;

2.21. "Emission strategy" means an element or set of elements of design that is incorporated into the overall design of an engine system or vehicle and used in controlling emissions;

2.22. "Engine after-treatment system family" means a manufacturer’s grouping of engines that comply with the definition of engine family, but which are further grouped into engines utilising a similar exhaust after-treatment system;

2.23. "Engine family" means a manufacturer’s grouping of engines which through their design, as defined in paragraph 7. of this Regulation, have similar exhaust emission characteristics;

2.24. "Engine system" means the engine, the emission control system and the communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine system electronic control unit or units (ECU) and any other powertrain or vehicle control unit;

2.25. "Engine start" consists of the ignition-On, cranking and start of combustion, and is completed when the engine speed reaches 150 min-1 below the normal, warmed-up idle speed;

2.26. "Engine type" means a category of engines which do not differ in essential engine characteristics as set out in Annex 1;

2.27. "Exhaust after-treatment system" means a catalyst (oxidation, 3-way or any other), particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter, or any other emission reducing device, that is installed downstream of the engine;

2.28. "Gaseous pollutants" means the exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide, NOx, expressed in NO2 equivalent, hydrocarbons (i.e. total hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons and methane);

2.29. "General Denominator" means a counter indicating the number of times a vehicle has been operated, taking into account general conditions;

2.30. "Group of monitors" means, for the purpose of assessing the in-use performance of an OBD engine family, a set of OBD monitors used for determining the correct operation of the emission control system;

2.31. "Ignition cycle counter" means a counter indicating the number of engine starts a vehicle has experienced;

2.32. "In-Use performance ratio" (IUPR) means the ratio of the number of times that the conditions have existed under which a monitor, or group of monitors, should have detected a malfunction relative to the number of driving cycles relevant for the operation of that monitor or group of monitors;

2.33. "Low speed (nlo)" means the lowest engine speed where 50 per cent of the declared maximum power occurs;

2.34. "Malfunction" means a failure or deterioration of an engine system, including the OBD system, that might reasonably be expected to lead either to an increase in any of the regulated pollutants emitted by the engine system or to a reduction in the effectiveness of the OBD system;

2.35. "Malfunction indicator" (MI) means an indicator which is part of the alert system and which clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction;

2.36. "Manufacturer" means the person or body who is responsible to the Type Approval Authority for all aspects of the type approval or authorisation process and for ensuring conformity of production. It is not essential that the person or body be directly involved in all stages of the construction of the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit which is the subject of the approval process;

2.37. "Maximum net power" means the maximum value of the net power measured at full engine load;

2.38. "Net power" means the power obtained on a test bench at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent at the corresponding engine or motor speed with the auxiliaries according to UN Regulation No. 85 and determined under reference atmospheric conditions;

2.39. "Non-emission-related maintenance" means the maintenance which does not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting effect on the emissions deterioration of the vehicle or the engine during normal in-use operation once the maintenance is performed;

2.40. "On-board diagnostic system" (OBD system) means a system on-board of a vehicle or engine which has the capability of:

(a) Detecting malfunctions, affecting the emission performance of the engine system;

(b) Indicating their occurrence by means of an alert system; and

(c) Identifying the likely area of the malfunction by means of information stored in computer memory and communicating that information off-board;

2.41. "OBD engine family" means a manufacturer’s grouping of engine systems having common methods of monitoring and diagnosing emission-related malfunctions;

2.42. "Operating sequence" means a sequence consisting of an engine start, an operating period (of the engine), an engine shut-off, and the time until the next start, where a specific OBD monitor runs to completion and a malfunction would be detected if present;

2.43. "Original pollution control device" means a pollution control device or an assembly of such devices covered by the type approval granted for the vehicle concerned;

2.44. "Parent engine" means an engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics will be representative for that engine family;

2.45. "Particulate after-treatment device" means an exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of particulate pollutants (PT) through a mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation;

2.46. "Particulate matter (PM)" means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with a clean filtered diluent to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C); this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water;

2.46.1. "Particulate Matter number" (PM number) means the total number of solid particles emitted from the exhaust quantified according to the dilution, sampling and measurement methods as specified in Annex 4.

2.47. "Per cent load" means the fraction of the maximum available torque at an engine speed;

2.48.  "Performance monitoring" means malfunction monitoring, that consists of functionality checks and the monitoring of parameters that are not directly correlated to emission thresholds, and that is done on components or systems to verify that they are operating within the proper range;

2.49. "Periodic regeneration" means the regeneration process of an emission control device that occurs periodically in less than 100 hours of normal engine operation;

2.50. "Portable emissions measurement system" (PEMS) means a portable emissions measurement system meeting the requirements specified in Appendix 2 to Annex 8 of this Regulation;

2.51. "Power take-off unit" means an engine driven output device for the purposes of powering auxiliary, vehicle mounted, equipment;

2.52. "Qualified deteriorated component or system (QDC) " means a component or a system that has been intentionally deteriorated such as by accelerated ageing or by having been manipulated in a controlled manner and which has been accepted by the Type Approval Authority according to the provisions set out in Annex 9B to this Regulation for use when demonstrating the OBD performance of the engine system

2.53. "Reagent" means any medium that is stored on-board the vehicle in a tank and provided to the exhaust after-treatment system (if required) upon request of the emission control system;

2.54. "Recalibration" means a fine tuning of a natural gas engine in order to provide the same performance (power, fuel consumption) in a different range of natural gas;

2.55.  "Reference mass" means the mass of the vehicle in running order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg and increased by a uniform mass of 100 kg;

2.56. "Replacement pollution control device" means a pollution control device or an assembly of such devices intended to replace an original pollution control device and which can be approved as a separate technical unit;

2.57. "Scan-tool" means external test equipment used for standardised off-board communication with the OBD system in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation;

2.58. "Service accumulation schedule" means the ageing cycle and the service accumulation period for determining the deterioration factors for the engine-after-treatment system family;

2.59. "Service mode" means a special mode of a dual-fuel engine that is activated for the purpose of repairing, or of moving the vehicle from the traffic when operation in the dual-fuel mode is not possible[5].

2.60. "Tailpipe emissions" means the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants;

2.61. "Tampering" means inactivation, adjustment or modification of the vehicle emissions control or propulsion system, including any software or other logical control elements of those systems, that has the effect, whether intended or not, of worsening the emissions performance of the vehicle;

2.62. "Unladen mass" means the mass of the vehicle in running order without the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg, passengers or load, but with the fuel tank 90 per cent full and the usual set of tools and spare wheel on board, where applicable;

2.63. "useful life" means the relevant period of distance and/or time over which compliance with the relevant gaseous and particulate emission limits has to be assured;

2.64. "Vehicle type with regard to emissions" means a group of vehicles which do not differ in essential engine and vehicle characteristics as set out in Annex 1;

2.65. "Wall flow Diesel Particulate Filter" means a Diesel Particulate Filter ("DPF") in which all the exhaust gas is forced to flow through a wall which filters out the solid matter;

2.66. "Wobbe index (lower Wl; or upper Wu)" means the ratio of the corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions:

2.67. "λ-shift factor (Sλ)" means an expression that describes the required flexibility of the engine management system regarding a change of the excess-air ratio λ if the engine is fuelled with a gas composition different from pure methane (see Appendix 5 to Annex 4 for the calculation of Sλ).

  3.  Application for approval

3.1. Application for type approval of an engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit

3.1.1. The manufacturer or his authorized representative shall submit to the Type Approval Authority an application for type approval of an engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit.

3.1.2. The application referred to in paragraph 3.1.1. shall be drawn up in accordance with the model of the information document set out in Annex 1. For that purpose Part 1 of Annex 1 shall apply.

3.1.3. Together with the application, the manufacturer shall provide a documentation package that fully explains any element of design which affects emissions, the emission control strategy of the engine system, the means by which the engine system controls the output variables which have a bearing upon emissions, whether that control is direct or indirect, anti-tampering measures and fully explains the warning and inducement system required by paragraphs 4. and 5. of Annex 11.

The documentation package shall be identified and dated by the approval authority and kept by that authority for at least 10 years after the approval is granted.

The documentation package shall consist of the following parts:

(a)            The information set out in paragraph 5.1.4.;

(b)           An AES documentation package, as described in Annex 2D to this Regulation in order for the approval authorities to be able to assess the proper use of AES.

At the request of the manufacturer, the approval authority shall conduct a preliminary assessment of the AES for new vehicle types. In that case, the manufacturer shall provide the draft AES documentation package to the approval authority between 2 and 12 months before the start of the type-approval process.

The approval authority shall make a preliminary assessment on the basis of the draft AES documentation package provided by the manufacturer. The approval authority shall make the preliminary assessment in accordance with the methodology described in Appendix 2 to Annex 10. The approval authority may deviate from that methodology in exceptional and duly justified cases.

The preliminary assessment of the AES for new vehicle types shall remain valid for the purposes of type approval for a period of 18 months. That period may be extended by a further 12 months if the manufacturer provides the approval authority with proof that no new technologies have become available on the market that would change the preliminary assessment of the AES.

3.1.4. In addition to the information referred to in paragraph 3.1.3., the manufacturer shall submit the following information:

(a) In the case of positive-ignition engines, a declaration by the manufacturer of the minimum percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that either would result in emissions exceeding the limits set out in Annex 9A if that percentage of misfire had been present from the start of the emission test as set out in Annex 4 or could lead to an exhaust catalyst, or catalysts, overheating prior to causing irreversible damage;

(b) A description of the provisions taken to prevent tampering with and modification of the emission control computer(s), including the facility for updating using a manufacturer-approved programme or calibration;

(c) Documentation of the OBD system, in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 8. of Annex 9B;

(d) OBD related information for the purpose of access to OBD, in accordance with the requirements of Annex 14 of this Regulation;

(e) A Statement of off-cycle emission compliance, with the requirements of paragraph 5.1.3. and paragraph 10. of Annex 10;

(f) A Statement of OBD in-use performance compliance, with the requirements of Appendix 2 to Annex 9A;

(g) The initial plan for in-service testing according to paragraph 2.4. of Annex 8;

 (h) Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extension of approvals and establishment of deterioration factors;

(i) Where appropriate, the documentation packages required by this Regulation for the correct installation of the engine type-approved as separate technical unit

3.1.5. The manufacturer shall submit to the technical service responsible for the type approval tests an engine or, as appropriate, a parent engine representative of the type to be approved.

3.1.6. Changes to the make of a system, component or separate technical unit that occur after a type approval shall not automatically invalidate a type approval, unless its original characteristics or technical parameters are changed in such a way that the functionality of the engine or pollution control system is affected.

3.2. Application for type approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions

3.2.1. The manufacturer or his authorized representative shall submit to the Type Approval Authority an application for type approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions.

3.2.2. The application referred to in paragraph 3.2.1. shall be drawn up in accordance with the model of the information document set out in Part 2 of Annex 1. This application shall be accompanied by a copy of the type approval certificate for the engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit.

3.2.3. The manufacturer shall provide a documentation package that fully explains the elements of the warning and inducement system that is on board of the vehicle and required by Annex 11. This documentation package shall be provided in accordance with paragraph 3.1.3.

3.2.4. In addition to the information referred to in paragraph 3.2.3., the manufacturer shall submit the following information:

(a) A description of the measures taken to prevent tampering with and modification of the vehicle control units covered by this Regulation, including the facility for updating using a manufacturer-approved programme or calibration;

(b) A description of the OBD components on board of the vehicle, in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 8. of Annex 9B;

(c) Information related to the OBD components on board of the vehicle for the purpose of access to OBD;

(d) Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extension of approvals.

3.2.5. Changes to the make of a system, component or separate technical unit that occur after a type approval shall not automatically invalidate a type approval, unless its original characteristics or technical parameters are changed in such a way that the functionality of the engine or pollution control system is affected.

3.3. Application for type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions

3.3.1. The manufacturer or his authorized representative shall submit to the Type Approval Authority an application for type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions.

3.3.2. The application referred to in paragraph 3.3.1. shall be drawn up in accordance with the model of the information document set out in Annex 1. For that purpose Part 1 and Part 2 of that Annex shall apply.

3.3.3. The manufacturer shall provide a documentation package that fully explains any element of design which affects emissions, the emission control strategy of the engine system, the means by which the engine system controls the output variables which have a bearing upon emissions, whether that control is direct or indirect, and fully explains the warning and inducement system required by Annex 11. This documentation package shall be provided in accordance with paragraph 3.1.3.

3.3.4. In addition to the information referred to in paragraph 3.3.3., the manufacturer shall submit the information required by paragraph 3.1.4. (a) to (h) and paragraph 3.2.4. (a) to (d).

3.3.5. The manufacturer shall submit to the technical service responsible for the type approval tests an engine representative of the type to be approved.

3.3.6. Changes to the make of a system, component or separate technical unit that occur after a type approval shall not automatically invalidate a type approval, unless its original characteristics or technical parameters are changed in such a way that the functionality of the engine or pollution control system is affected.

3.4. Application for type approval of a type of replacement pollution control device as a separate technical unit

3.4.1. The manufacturer shall submit to the Type Approval Authority an application for type approval of a type of replacement pollution control device as a separate technical unit.

3.4.2. The application shall be drawn up in accordance with the model of the information document set out in Appendix 1 to Annex 13.

3.4.3. The manufacturer shall submit a Statement of compliance with the requirements on access to OBD information.

3.4.4. The manufacturer shall submit to the technical service responsible for the type approval test the following:

(a) An engine system or engine systems of a type approved in accordance with this Regulation equipped with a new original equipment pollution control device;

(b) One sample of the type of the replacement pollution control device;

(c) An additional sample of the type of the replacement pollution control device, in the case of a replacement pollution control device intended to be fitted to a vehicle equipped with an OBD system.

3.4.5. For the purposes of point (a) of paragraph 3.4.4., the test engines shall be selected by the applicant with the agreement of the Type Approval Authority.

The test conditions shall comply with the requirements set out in paragraph 6. of Annex 4.

The test engines shall respect the following requirements:

(a) They shall have no emission control system defects;

(b) Any malfunctioning or excessively worn emission-related original part shall be repaired or replaced;

(c) They shall be tuned properly and set to the manufacturer's specification prior to emission testing.

3.4.6. For the purposes of points (b) and (c) of paragraph 3.4.4., the sample shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the applicant's trade name or mark and its commercial designation.

3.4.7. For the purposes of point (c) of paragraph 3.4.4., the sample shall be a qualified deteriorated component.

  4.  Approval

4.1. In order to receive a type approval of an engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit, type approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions, or a type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions, the manufacturer shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation demonstrate that the vehicles or engine systems are subject to the tests and comply with the requirements set out in paragraph 5. and Annexes 4, 6, 7, 9A, 9B, 9C, 10, 11, and 12. The manufacturer shall also ensure compliance with the specifications of reference fuels set out in Annex 5.

 In order to receive type approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions or a type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions the manufacturer shall ensure compliance with the installation requirements set out in paragraph 6.

4.2. In order to receive an extension of the type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions type-approved under this Regulation with a reference mass exceeding 2,380 kg but not exceeding 2,610kg the manufacturer shall meet the requirements set out in Appendix 1 to Annex 12.

4.3. In order to receive a type-approval of a dual-fuel engine or engine family as a separate technical unit, type-approval of a dual-fuel vehicle with an approved dual-fuel engine with regard to emissions, or a type-approval of a dual-fuel vehicle with regard to emissions, the manufacturer shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph 4.1. demonstrate that the dual-fuel vehicles or engine are subject to the tests and comply with the requirements set out in Annex 15.

4.4. Reserved[6]

4.5. In order to receive a type approval of an engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit or a type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions, the manufacturer shall ensure compliance with the requirements on fuel range for a universal fuel approval or in case of a positive ignition engine fuelled with natural gas and LPG a restricted fuel range approval as specified in paragraph 4.6.

4.5.1. Tables summarizing the requirements for approval of NG-Fuelled engines, LPG-Fuelled engines and dual-fuelled engines are provided in Appendix 4.

4.6. Requirements on universal fuel range type approval

A universal fuel range approval shall be granted subject to the requirements specified in paragraphs 4.6.1. to 4.6.6.1.

4.6.1. The parent engine shall meet the requirements of this Regulation on the appropriate reference fuels specified in Annex 5. Specific requirements shall apply to engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane (including dual-fuel engines), as laid down in paragraph 4.6.3.

4.6.2. If the manufacturer permits the engine family to run on market fuels that do not comply neither with the reference fuels included in Annex 5 nor CEN standard EN 228 (in the case of unleaded petrol) or CEN standard EN 590 (in the case of diesel), such as running on FAME B100 (CEN standard EN14214), FAME diesel blends B20/B30 (CEN standard EN 16709), paraffinic fuel (CEN standard EN 15940) or others the manufacturer shall, in addition to the requirements in paragraph 4.6.1. comply with the following requirements:

(a) Declare the fuels the engine family is capable to run on in paragraph 3.2.2.2.1. of the Information Document as set out in Part 1 of Annex 1, either by reference to an official standard or to a production specification of a brand specific market fuel not meeting any official standard such as those mentioned in paragraph 4.6.2. The manufacturer shall also declare that the functionality of the OBD system is not affected by the use of the declared fuel;

(b) Determine the power correction factor for each fuel declared according to paragraph 9.4.2.8. if applicable according to the provisions specified in paragraph 9.4.2.7. Declare the factor for each fuel in 3.2.2.2.2. of the information document as set out in Part 1 of Annex 1, if applicable;

(c) Demonstrate that the parent engine meets the requirements specified in Annex 4 and in Appendix 1 of Annex 10 to this Regulation on the fuels declared; the approval authority may request that the demonstration requirements be further extended to those laid down in Annex 7 and Annex 9A;

(d) Be liable to meet the requirements of in-service conformity specified in Annex 8 on the fuels declared, including any blend between the declared fuels and the relevant market fuels and standards.

At the request of the manufacturer, the requirements set out in this paragraph shall be applied to fuels used for military purposes.

For the purposes of subparagraph 4.6.2.(a) where the emission tests are performed for demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, a fuel analysis report of the test fuel shall be attached to the test report and shall comprise at least the parameters specified in the official specification of the fuel manufacturer.

4.6.3. In the case of natural gas/biomethane fuelled engines, including dual-fuel engines, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the parent engines capability to adapt to any natural gas/biomethane composition that may occur across the market. This demonstration shall be carried out according to this paragraph and, in case of dual-fuel engines, also according to the additional provisions regarding the fuel adaptation procedure set out in paragraph 6.4. of Annex 15 to this Regulation.

4.6.3.1. In the case of compressed natural gas/biomethane (CNG) there are generally two types of fuel, high calorific fuel (H-gas) and low calorific fuel (L-gas), but with a significant spread within both ranges; they differ significantly in their energy content expressed by the Wobbe Index and in their λ-shift factor (Sλ). Natural gases with a λ-shift factor between 0.89 and 1.08 (0.89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1.08) are considered to belong to H-range, while natural gases with a λ-shift factor between 1.08 and 1.19 (1.08 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1.19) are considered to belong to L-range. The composition of the reference fuels reflects the extreme variations of Sλ.

The parent engine shall meet the requirements of this Regulation on the reference fuels GR (fuel 1) and G25 (fuel 2), as specified in Annex 5, without any manual readjustment to the engine fuelling system between the two tests (self-adaptation is required). One adaptation run over one WHTC hot cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. After the adaptation run the engine shall be cooled down in accordance with
paragraph 7.6.1. of Annex 4.

4.6.3.1.1. At the manufacturer's request the engine may be tested on a third fuel (fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0.89 (that is the lower range of GR) and 1.19 (that is the upper range of G25), for example when fuel 3 is a market fuel. The results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of the conformity of the production.

4.6.3.2. In the case of liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane (LNG) the parent engine shall meet the requirements of this Regulation on the reference fuels GR (fuel 1) and G20 (fuel 2), as specified in Annex 5, without any manual readjustment to the engine fuelling system between the two tests (self-adaptation is required). One adaptation run over one WHTC hot cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. After the adaptation run, the engine shall be cooled down in accordance with paragraph 7.6.1. of Annex 4.

4.6.4. In the case of an engine fuelled with compressed natural gas/biomethane (CNG) which is self-adaptive for the range of H-gases on the one hand and the range of L-gases on the other hand, and which switches between the H-range and the L-range by means of a switch, the parent engine shall be tested on the relevant reference fuel as specified in Annex 5 for each range, at each position of the switch. The fuels are GR (fuel 1) and G23 (fuel 3) for the H-range of gases and G25 (fuel 2) and G23 (fuel 3) for the L-range of gases. The parent engine shall meet the requirements of this Regulation at both positions of the switch without any readjustment to the fuelling between the two tests at each position of the switch. One adaptation run over one WHTC hot cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. After the adaptation run the engine shall be cooled down in accordance with paragraph 7.6.1. of Annex 4.

4.6.4.1. At the manufacturer's request the engine may be tested on a third fuel instead of G23 (fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0.89 (that is the lower range of GR) and 1.19 (that is the upper range of G25), for example when fuel 3 is a market fuel. The results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of the conformity of the production.

4.6.5. In the case of natural gas/biomethane engines, the ratio of the emission results "r" shall be determined for each pollutant as follows:

or,

and,

4.6.6. In the case of LPG the manufacturer shall demonstrate the parent engines capability to adapt to any fuel composition that may occur across the market.

In the case of LPG there are variations in C3/C4 composition. These variations are reflected in the reference fuels. The parent engine shall meet the emission requirements on the reference fuels A and B as specified in Annex 5 without any readjustment to the fuelling between the two tests. One adaptation run over one WHTC hot cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. After the adaptation run the engine shall be cooled down in accordance with paragraph 7.6.1. of Annex 4.

4.6.6.1. The ratio of emission results "r" shall be determined for each pollutant as follows:

4.7. Requirements on restricted fuel range type-approval in case of engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG, including dual-fuel engines.

Restricted fuel range type approval shall be granted subject to the requirements specified in paragraphs 4.7.1. to 4.7.2.3. below.

4.7.1. Exhaust emissions type-approval of an engine running on CNG and laid out for operation on either the range of H-gases or on the range of L-gases.

4.7.1.1. The parent engine shall be tested on the relevant reference fuel, as specified in Annex 5, for the relevant range. The fuels are GR (fuel 1) and G23 (fuel 3) for the H-range of gases and G25 (fuel 2) and G23 (fuel 3) for the L-range of gases. The parent engine shall meet the requirements of this Regulation without any readjustment to the fuelling between the two tests. One adaptation run over one WHTC hot cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. After the adaptation run the engine shall be cooled down in accordance with paragraph 7.6.1. of Annex 4.

4.7.1.2. At the manufacturer's request the engine may be tested on a third fuel instead of G23 (fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0.89 (that is the lower range of GR) and 1.19 (that is the upper range of G25), for example when fuel 3 is a market fuel. The results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of the conformity of the production.

4.7.1.3. The ratio of emission results "r" shall be determined for each pollutant as follows:

or,

and,

4.7.1.4. On delivery to the customer the engine shall bear a label as specified in paragraph 4.12.8. stating for which range of gases the engine is approved.

4.7.2. Exhaust emissions type approval of an engine running on natural gas or LPG and designed for operation on one specific fuel composition.

4.7.2.1.  The parent engine shall meet the emission requirements on the reference fuels GR and G25 in the case of CNG, on the reference fuels GR and G20 in the case of LNG, or on the reference fuels A and B in the case of LPG, as specified in Annex 5 to this Regulation. Fine-tuning of the fuelling system is allowed between the tests. This fine-tuning will consist of a recalibration of the fuelling database, without any alteration to either the basic control strategy or the basic structure of the database. If necessary the exchange of parts that are directly related to the amount of fuel flow such as injector nozzles is allowed.

4.7.2.2. In the case of CNG, at the manufacturer's request, the engine may be tested on the reference fuels GR and G23, or on the reference fuels G25 and G23, in which case the type-approval is only valid for the H-range or the L-range of gases respectively.

4.7.2.3. On delivery to the customer the engine shall bear a label as specified in paragraph 4.12.8. below stating for which fuel range composition the engine has been calibrated.

4.8. Requirements on fuel-specific type-approval in the case of engines fuelled with liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane (LNG)

In case of liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane, a fuel specific type-approval may be granted subject to the requirements specified in paragraphs 4.8.1. to 4.8.2.

4.8.1. Conditions for applying for a fuel-specific type approval in the case of engines fuelled with liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane (LNG).

4.8.1.1. The manufacturer can only apply for a fuel specific type-approval in the case of the engine being calibrated for a specific LNG gas composition[7] resulting in a -shift factor not differing by more than 3 per cent from the -shift factor of the G20 fuel specified in Annex 5, and the ethane content of which does not exceed 1.5 per cent.

4.8.1.2.  In all other cases the manufacturer shall apply for a universal fuel type approval according to the specifications of paragraph 4.6.3.2.

4.8.2. Specific test requirements in the case of a fuel-specific type approval (LNG).

4.8.2.1. In the case of a dual-fuel engine family where the engines are calibrated for a specific LNG gas composition2 resulting in a -shift factor not differing by more than 3 per cent from the -shift factor of the G20 fuel specified in Annex 5, and the ethane content of which does not exceed 1.5 per cent, the parent engine shall only be tested on the G20 reference gas fuel, as specified in Annex

4.9. Exhaust emissions type approval of a member of a family

4.9.1. With the exception of the case mentioned in paragraph 4.8.2., the type approval of a parent engine shall be extended to all family members, without further testing, for any fuel composition within the range for which the parent engine has been approved (in the case of engines described in paragraph 4.7.2.) or the same range of fuels (in the case of engines described in either paragraph 4.6. or 4.7.) for which the parent engine has been type-approved.

4.9.2. If the technical service determines that, with regard to the selected parent engine the submitted application does not fully represent the engine family defined in Part 1 of Annex 1, an alternative and if necessary an additional reference test engine may be selected by the technical service and tested.

4.10. Requirements for approval regarding the on-board diagnostic systems

4.10.1. Manufacturers shall ensure that all engine systems and vehicles are equipped with an OBD system.

4.10.2. The OBD system shall be designed, constructed and installed on a vehicle in accordance with Annex 9A, so as to enable it to identify, record, and communicate the types of deterioration or malfunction specified in that Annex over the entire life of the vehicle.

4.10.3. The manufacturer shall ensure that the OBD system complies with the requirements set out in Annex 9A, including the OBD in-use performance requirements, under all normal and reasonably foreseeable driving conditions, including the conditions of normal use specified in Annex 9B.

4.10.4. When tested with a qualified deteriorated component, the OBD system malfunction indicator shall be activated in accordance with Annex 9B. The OBD system malfunction indicator may also be activated at levels of emissions below the OBD thresholds limits specified in Annex 9A.

4.10.5. The manufacturer shall ensure that the provisions for in-use performance of an OBD engine family laid down in Annex 9A are followed.

4.10.6. The OBD in-use performance related data shall be stored and made available without any encryption through the standard OBD communication protocol by the OBD system in accordance with the provisions of Annex 9A.             

4.10.7. If the manufacturer chooses, until the date specified in paragraph 13.2.3. for new type approvals, OBD systems may comply with alternative provisions as specified in Annex 9A and referring to this paragraph.

4.10.8. If the manufacturer chooses, until the date specified in paragraph 13.2.3. for new type approvals, he may use alternative provisions for the monitoring of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) as set out in paragraph 2.3.2.2. of Annex 9A.

4.11. Requirements for approval regarding replacement pollution control devices

4.11.1. The manufacturer shall ensure that replacement pollution control devices intended to be fitted to type-approved engine systems or vehicles covered by this Regulation are type-approved, as separate technical units in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.11.2. to 4.11.5.

 Catalytic converters, deNOx devices and particulate filters shall be considered to be pollution control devices for the purposes of this Regulation.

4.11.2. Original replacement pollution control devices, which fall within the type covered by paragraph 3.2.12. of Part 1 of Annex 1 and are intended for fitment to a vehicle to which the relevant type approval document refers, do not need to comply with all provisions of Annex 13 provided that they fulfil the requirements of paragraphs 2.1., 2.2. and 2.3. of that annex.

4.11.3. The manufacturer shall ensure that the original pollution control device carries identification markings.

4.11.4. The identification markings referred to in paragraph 4.11.3. shall comprise the following:

(a) The vehicle or engine manufacturer's name or trade mark;

(b) The make and identifying part number of the original pollution control device as recorded in the information referred to in paragraph 3.2.12.2. of Part 1 of Annex 1.

4.11.5. Replacement pollution control devices shall be type approved according to the specific testing requirements specified in Annex 13 of this Regulation[8].

4.12. Approval marks and labelling for engine systems and vehicles

4.12.1. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 07, corresponding to 07 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another engine type or vehicle type.

4.12.2. Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal of approval or production definitively discontinued of an engine type or vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in Annexes 2A, 2B or 2C, as applicable, to this Regulation. Values measured during the type test shall also be shown.

4.12.3. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place to every engine conforming to an engine type-approved under this Regulation, or to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type-approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:

4.12.3.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval[9];

4.12.3.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.12.3.1.

4.12.3.3. The approval mark shall also contain a dash and an additional character after the approval number, the purpose of which is to distinguish the stage for which the approval has been granted according paragraph 13.2. and communicated in Table 1 in Annex 3.

4.12.3.3.1. For diesel fuelled CI engines the approval mark shall contain the letter "D" after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish the type of engine for which the approval has been granted.

4.12.3.3.2. For ethanol (ED95) fuelled CI engines the approval mark shall contain the letters "ED" after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish the type of engine for which the approval has been granted.

4.12.3.3.3. For ethanol (E85) fuelled PI engines the approval mark shall contain "E85" after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish the type of engine for which the approval has been granted.

4.12.3.3.4. For petrol fuelled PI engines the approval mark shall contain the letter "P" after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish the type of engine for which the approval has been granted.

4.12.3.3.5. For LPG fuelled PI engines the approval mark shall contain the letter "Q" after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish the type of engine for which the approval has been granted.

4.12.3.3.6. For natural gas/biomethane fuelled engines the approval mark shall contain a letter/s after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish which range of gases the approval has been granted. This letter/s will be as follows:

(a) H in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for the H‑range of gases;

(b) L in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for the L‑range of gases;

(c) HL in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for both the H‑range and L‑range of gases;

(d) Ht in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific gas composition in the H-range of gases and transformable to another specific gas in the H-range of gases by fine tuning of the engine fuelling;

(e) Lt in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific gas composition in the L-range of gases and transformable to another specific gas in the L-range of gases after fine tuning of the engine fuelling;

(f) HLt in the case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific gas composition in either the H-range or the L-range of gases and transformable to another specific gas in either the H‑range or the L-range of gases by fine tuning of the engine fueling;

(g) CNGfr in all other cases where the engine is fuelled with CNG/biomethane and designed for operation on one restricted gas fuel range composition;

(h) LNGfr in the cases where the engine is fuelled with LNG and designed for operation on one restricted gas fuel range composition;

(i) LPGfr in the cases where the engine is fuelled with LPG and designed for operation on one restricted gas fuel range composition;

(j) LNG20 in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane composition resulting in a λ-shift factor not differing by more than 3 per cent the λ-shift factor of the G20 gas specified in Annex 5 to this Regulation, and the ethane content of which does not exceed 1.5 per cent;

(k) LNG in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for any other liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane composition.

4.12.3.3.7. For dual-fuel engines the approval mark shall contain a series of digits after the national symbol, the purpose of which is to distinguish for which dual-fuel engine type and with which range of gases the approval has been granted.

This series of digits will be constituted of two digits identifying the dual-fuel engine type as defined in Annex 15 followed by the letter(s) specified in paragraphs 4.12.3.3.1. to 4.12.3.3.6. corresponding to the natural gas/biomethane composition used by the engine.

The two digits identifying the dual-fuel engines types according to the definitions of Annex 15 are the following:

(a) 1A for dual-fuel engines of Type 1A;

(b) 1B for dual-fuel engines of Type 1B;

(c) 2A for dual-fuel engines of Type 2A;

(d) 2B for dual-fuel engines of Type 2B;

(e) 3B for dual-fuel engines of Type 3B."

4.12.3.4. In addition to the marking on the engine, the approval mark may also be retrievable via the instrument cluster. It shall then be readily available for inspection and the access instructions included in the user manual of the vehicle.

4.12.4. If the vehicle or engine conforms to an approved type under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.12.3.1. does not need to be repeated. In such a case, the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.12.3.1.

4.12.5. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the data plate affixed by the manufacturer to the approved type.

4.12.6. Annex 3 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks.

4.12.7. The engine approved as a technical unit shall bear, in addition to the approved mark:

4.12.7.1. The trademark or trade name of the manufacturer of the engine;

4.12.7.2.  The manufacturer's commercial description of the engine

4.12.8. Labels for natural gas/biomethane and LPG fuelled engines

 In the case of natural gas and LPG fuelled engines with a restricted fuel range type-approval, the following labels are applicable:

4.12.8.1. Content

 The following information shall be given:

 In the case of paragraph 4.7.1.4., the label shall state "ONLY FOR USE WITH NATURAL GAS RANGE H". If applicable, "H" is replaced by "L".

 In the case of paragraph 4.7.2.3., the label shall state "ONLY FOR USE WITH NATURAL GAS SPECIFICATION ..." or "ONLY FOR USE WITH LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS SPECIFICATION ...", as applicable. All the information in the relevant table(s) in Annex 5 shall be given with the individual constituents and limits specified by the engine manufacturer.

 The letters and figures shall be at least 4 mm in height.

 Note: If lack of space prevents such labelling, a simplified code may be used. In this event, explanatory notes containing all the above information shall be easily accessible to any person filling the fuel tank or performing maintenance or repair on the engine and its accessories, as well as to the authorities concerned. The site and content of these explanatory notes will be determined by agreement between the manufacturer and the Type Approval Authority.

4.12.8.2. Properties

 Labels shall be durable for the useful life of the engine. Labels shall be clearly legible and their letters and figures shall be indelible. Additionally, labels shall be attached in such a manner that their fixing is durable for the useful life of the engine, and the labels cannot be removed without destroying or defacing them.

4.12.8.3. Placing

 Labels shall be secured to an engine part necessary for normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during engine life. Additionally, these labels shall be located so as to be readily visible after the engine has been completed with all the auxiliaries necessary for engine operation.

4.13. In case of an application for approval for a vehicle type in respect of its engine, the marking specified in paragraph 4.12.8. shall also be placed close to fuel filling aperture.

4.14. In case of an application for approval for a vehicle type with an approved engine, the marking specified in paragraph 4.12.8. shall also be placed close to the fuel filling aperture.

  5.  Requirements and tests

5.1. General

5.1.1.  Manufacturers shall equip vehicles and engines so that the components likely to affect emissions are designed, constructed and assembled so as to enable the vehicle or engine, in normal use, to comply with this Regulation and its implementing measures.

5.1.2. The manufacturer shall take technical measures so as to ensure that the tailpipe emissions are effectively limited, in accordance with this Regulation, throughout the normal life of the vehicle and under normal conditions of use.

5.1.2.1. Those measures referred to in paragraph 5.1.2. shall include ensuring that the security of hoses, joints and connections, used within the emission control systems, are constructed so as to conform to the original design intent.

5.1.2.2. The manufacturer shall ensure that the emissions test results comply with the applicable limit value under the test conditions specified in this Regulation.

5.1.2.3. Any engine system and any element of design liable to affect the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants shall be designed, constructed, assembled and installed so as to enable the engine, in normal use, to comply with the provisions of this Regulation. The manufacturer shall also ensure compliance with off-cycle requirements set out in paragraph 5.1.3. and Annex 10.

5.1.2.4.  The use of defeat strategies that reduce the effectiveness of emission control equipment shall be prohibited.

5.1.2.5. In order to receive a type approval in the case of a petrol or E85 fuelled engine, the manufacturer shall ensure that the specific requirements for inlets to fuel tanks for petrol and E85 fuelled vehicles laid down in paragraph 6.3. are fulfilled.

5.1.3. Requirements to limit off-cycle emissions

5.1.3.1. When meeting the requirements of paragraph 5.1.2., the technical measures undertaken shall take the following into account:

(a) The general requirements, including the performance requirements and the prohibition of defeat strategies, as specified in Annex 10;

(b) The requirements to effectively limit the tailpipe emissions under the range of ambient conditions under which the vehicle may be expected to operate, and under the range of operating conditions that may be encountered;

(c) The requirements with respect to off-cycle laboratory testing at type approval;

(d) The requirements with respect to the PEMS demonstration test at type approval and any additional requirements with respect to off-cycle in-use vehicle testing, as provided for in this Regulation;

(e) The requirement for the manufacturer to provide a statement of compliance with the requirements limiting off-cycle emissions.

5.1.3.2. The manufacturer shall fulfil the specific requirements, together with the associated test procedures, set out in Annex 10.

5.1.4. Documentation requirements

5.1.4.1. The documentation package required by paragraph 3. of this Regulation enabling the Type Approval Authority to evaluate the emission control strategies and the systems on-board the vehicle and engine to ensure the correct operation of NOx control measures, as well as the documentation packages required in Annex 10 (off-cycle emissions), Annexes 9A and 9B (OBD) and Annex 15 to this Regulation (dual-fuel engines), shall include the following information:

(a) A full description of the inducement system required by Annex 11, including the associated monitoring strategies;

(b) The description of the anti-tampering measures considered in paragraph 3.1.4.(b) and in paragraph 3.2.4.(a).

5.1.4.2. The formal documentation package may be brief, provided that it exhibits evidence that all outputs permitted by a matrix obtained from the range of control of the individual unit inputs have been identified. The documentation shall describe the functional operation of the inducement system required by Annex 11, including the parameters necessary for retrieving the information associated with that system. This material shall be retained by the Type Approval Authority.

5.1.4.3. The extended documentation package shall include:

(a) Information on the operation of all AES and BES, including a description of the parameters that are modified by any AES and the boundary conditions under which the AES operate, and indication of which AES and BES are likely to be active under the conditions of the test procedures set out in Annex 10 to this Regulation;

(b) A description of the fuel system control logic, timing strategies and switch points during all modes of operation;

(c) A full description of the inducement system required in Annex 11 to this Regulation, including the associated monitoring strategies;

(d) The description of the anti-tampering measures considered in paragraph 3.1.4. (b) and in paragraph 3.2.4. (a) of this Regulation.

5.1.4.4. The extended documentation package shall remain strictly confidential. It may be kept by the Type Approval Authority, or, at the discretion of the Type Approval Authority, may be retained by the manufacturer. In the case the manufacturer retains the documentation package, that package shall be identified and dated by the Type Approval Authority once reviewed and approved. It shall be made open for inspection by the Type Approval Authority at the time of approval or at any time during the validity of the approval.

5.1.5. Provisions for electronic system security

5.1.5.1. The general requirements, including the specific requirements for electronic system security, shall be those set out in paragraph 4. of Annex 9B of this Regulation and those described in paragraph 2. of Annex 9A.

5.2.  Specifications concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants

5.2.1. In undertaking the tests set out in Annex 4 the gaseous and particulate matter emissions shall not exceed the amounts shown in Table 1.

5.2.2. For positive ignition engines subject to the test set out in Annex 6, the maximum permissible carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases at normal engine idling speed shall be that stated by the vehicle manufacturer. However, the maximum carbon monoxide content shall not exceed 0.3 per cent vol.

At high idle speed, the carbon monoxide content by volume of the exhaust gases shall not exceed 0.2 per cent vol., with the engine speed being at least 2,000 min-1 and Lambda being 1 ± 0.03 or in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer.

5.2.3. In the case of a closed crankcase, manufacturers shall ensure that for the tests set out in paragraphs 6.10. and 6.11. of Annex 4, the engine’s ventilation system does not permit the emission of any crankcase gases into the atmosphere. If the crankcase is of an open type, the emissions shall be measured and added to the tailpipe emissions, following the provisions set out in paragraph 6.10. of Annex 4.

5.2.4. For the dilute testing of positive ignition engines by using an exhaust dilution system, it is permitted to use analyser systems that meet the general requirements and calibration procedures of UN Regulation No. 83 or UN Regulation No. 154. In this case, the provisions of paragraph 9. and Appendix 2 to Annex 4 to this Regulation shall not apply.

 However, the test procedures in paragraph 7. of Annex 4 to this Regulation and the emission calculations provided in paragraph 8. of Annex 4 shall apply.

5.3. Emission limits

Table 1 provides the emissions limits that apply to this Regulation.

Table 1

Emission limits

5.4.  Durability and deterioration factors

The manufacturer shall determine deterioration factors that will be used to demonstrate that the gaseous and particulate emissions of an engine family or engine- after-treatment system family remain in conformity with the emission limits set out in paragraph 5.3. over the normal useful life periods set out below.

The procedures for demonstrating the compliance of an engine system or engine-after-treatment system family over the normal useful life are set out in Annex 7.

The mileage and period of time by reference to which the tests for durability of pollution control devices undertaken for type approval and testing of conformity of in-service vehicles or engines are to be carried out shall be the following:

(a)  160,000 km or five years, whichever is the sooner, in the case of engines fitted to vehicles of category M1, N1 and M2;

(b)  300,000 km or six years, whichever is the sooner, in the case of engines fitted to vehicles of category N2, N3 with a maximum technically permissible mass not exceeding 16 tonnes and M3 Class I, Class II and Class A, and Class B with a maximum technically permissible mass not exceeding 7.5 tonnes;

(c)  700,000 km or seven years, whichever is the sooner, in the case of engines fitted to vehicles of category N3 with a maximum technically permissible mass exceeding 16 tonnes and M3, Class III and Class B with a maximum technically permissible mass exceeding 7.5 tonnes.

5.5. Requirements to ensure correct operation of NOx control measures

5.5.1. When applying for type approval, manufacturers shall present to the Type Approval Authority information showing that the NOx system retains its emission control function during all conditions regularly pertaining in the region (e.g. European Union), especially at low temperatures.

In addition, manufacturers shall provide the Type Approval Authority with information on the operating strategy of any exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR), including its functioning at low ambient temperatures.

This information shall also include a description of any effects on emissions of operating the system under low ambient temperatures.

Information on the tests and procedures for fulfilling these requirements is provided in Annex 11.

  6.  Installation on the vehicle

6.1. The engine installation on the vehicle shall be performed in such a way as to ensure that the type approval requirements are met. The following characteristics in respect to the type approval of the engine shall be taken into consideration:

6.1.1. Intake depression shall not exceed that declared for the engine type approval in Part 1 of Annex 1;

6.1.2. Exhaust back pressure shall not exceed that declared for the engine type approval in Part 1 of Annex 1;

6.1.3. Power absorbed by the auxiliaries needed for operating the engine shall not exceed that declared for the engine type approval in Part 1 of Annex 1;

6.1.4. The characteristics of the exhaust after-treatment system shall be in accordance with those declared for the engine type approval in Part 1 of Annex 1.

6.2. Installation of a type-approved engine on a vehicle

6.2.1. The installation of an engine type-approved as a separate technical unit on a vehicle shall, in addition, comply with the following requirements:

(a) As regard to the compliance of the OBD system, the installation shall, according to Appendix 1 to Annex 9B to this Regulation, meet the manufacturer's installation requirements as specified in Part 1 of Annex 1;

(b) As regard to the compliance of the system ensuring the correct operation of NOx control measures, the installation shall, according to Appendix 4 to Annex 11 to this Regulation, meet the manufacturer's installation requirements as specified in Part 1 of Annex 1 to this Regulation;

(c) The installation of a dual-fuel engine type-approved as a separate technical unit on a vehicle shall, in addition, meet the specific installation requirements and the manufacturer's installation requirements set out in Annex 15 to this Regulation.

6.3. Inlet to fuel tanks in the case of a petrol or E85 fuelled engine

6.3.1. The inlet orifice of the petrol or E85 tank shall be designed so it prevents the tank from being filled from a fuel pump delivery nozzle that has an external diameter of 23.6 mm or greater.

6.3.2. Paragraph 6.3.1. shall not apply to a vehicle for which both of the following conditions are satisfied:

(a) The vehicle is designed and constructed so that no device designed to control the emission of gaseous pollutants is adversely affected by leaded petrol;

(b) The vehicle is conspicuously, legibly and indelibly marked with the symbol for unleaded petrol specified in ISO 2575:2004 in a position immediately visible to a person filling the fuel tank. Additional marking are permitted.

6.3.3. Provision shall be made to prevent excess evaporative emissions and fuel spillage caused by a missing fuel filler cap. This may be achieved by using one of the following:

(a) An automatically opening and closing, non-removable fuel filler cap;

(b) Design features which avoid excess evaporative emissions in the case of a missing fuel filler cap;

(c) Or in case of M1 or N1 vehicles, any other provision which has the same affect. Examples may include, but are not limited to, a tethered filler cap, a chained filler cap or one utilizing the same locking key for the filler cap as for the vehicle’s ignition. In this case the key shall be removable from the filler cap only in the locked condition.

  7.  Engine family

7.1. Parameters defining the engine family

 The engine family, as determined by the engine manufacturer shall comply with paragraph 5.2. of Annex 4.

In case of a dual-fuel engine, the engine family shall also comply with the additional requirements of paragraph 3.1.1. of Annex 15.

7.2. Choice of the parent engine

The parent engine of the family shall be selected in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 5.2.4. of Annex 4.

7.3.  Extension to include a new engine system into an engine-family

7.3.1. At the request of the manufacturer and upon approval of the Type Approval Authority, a new engine system may be included as a member of a certified engine family if the criteria specified in paragraph 7.1. are met.

7.3.2. If the elements of design of the parent engine system are representative of those of the new engine system according to paragraph 7.2. or, in the case of dual-fuel engines, to paragraph 3.1.2. of Annex 15, then the parent engine system shall remain unchanged and the manufacturer shall modify the information document specified in Annex 1.

7.3.3. If the new engine system contains elements of design that are not represented by the parent engine system according to paragraph 7.2. or, in the case of dual-fuel engines, to paragraph 3.1.2. of Annex 15, but itself would represent the whole family according to these paragraphs, then the new engine system shall become the new parent engine.  In this case the new elements of design shall be demonstrated to comply with the provisions of this Regulation and the information document specified in Annex 1 shall be modified.

7.4.  Parameters for defining an OBD-engine family

 The OBD-engine family shall be determined by basic design parameters that shall be common to engine systems within the family, in accordance with paragraph 6.1. of Annex 9B.

  8.  Conformity of production

8.1. Every engine or vehicle bearing an approval mark as prescribed under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform, with regard to the description as given in the approval form and its annexes, to the approved type. The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in Appendix 2 to the 1958 Agreement (E/ECE/324//E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with the following requirements set out in paragraphs 8.2. to 8.5.

8.1.1. Conformity of production shall be checked on the basis of the description in the type approval certificates set out in Annexes 2A, 2B and 2C, as applicable.

8.1.2. Conformity of production shall be assessed in accordance with the specific conditions laid down in this paragraph and the relevant statistical methods laid down in Appendices 1, 2 and 3.

8.2. General requirements

8.2.1. In applying Appendices 1, 2 or 3, the measured emission of the gaseous and particulate pollutants from engines subject to checking for conformity of production shall be adjusted by application of the appropriate deterioration factors (DF’s) for that engine as recorded in the Addendum to the type approval certificate granted in accordance with this Regulation.

8.2.2. The provisions set out in Appendix 2 to the 1958 Agreement (E/ECE/324//E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2) shall be applicable where the approval authorities are not satisfied with the auditing procedure of the manufacturer.

8.2.3. All engines subject to tests shall be randomly taken from the series production.

8.3. Emissions of pollutants

8.3.1. If emissions of pollutants are to be measured and an engine type approval has had one or more extensions, the tests shall be carried out on the engines described in the information package relating to the relevant extension.

8.3.2. Conformity of the engine subjected to a pollutant test:

After submission of the engine to the authorities, the manufacturer may not carry out any adjustment to the engines selected.

8.3.2.1. Three engines shall be taken from the series production of the engines under consideration. Engines shall be subjected to testing on the WHTC and on the WHSC, if applicable, for the checking of the production conformity. The limit values shall be those set out in paragraph 5.3.

8.3.2.2. Where the Type Approval Authority is satisfied with the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer in accordance with Appendix 2 to the 1958 Agreement (E/ECE/324//E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), the tests shall be carried out according to Appendix 1.

Where the Type Approval Authority is not satisfied with the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer in accordance with Appendix 2 to the 1958 Agreement (E/ECE/324//E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), the tests shall be carried out according to Appendix 2.

At the manufacturer’s request, the tests may be carried out in accordance with Appendix 3.

8.3.2.3. On the basis of tests of the engine by sampling as set out in paragraph 8.3.2.2., the series production of the engines under consideration is regarded as conforming where a pass decision is reached for all the pollutants and as non-conforming where a fail decision is reached for one pollutant, in accordance with the test criteria applied in the appropriate Appendix.

When a pass decision has been reached for one pollutant, this decision may not be changed as a consequence of a result from any additional tests made in order to reach a decision for the other pollutants.

If a pass decision is not reached for all the pollutants and if no fail decision is reached for any pollutant, a test is carried out on another engine (see Figure 1).

If no decision is reached, the manufacturer may at any time decide to stop testing. In that case a fail decision is recorded.

Figure 1

Schematic of production conformity testing

8.3.3. The tests shall be carried out on newly manufactured engines.

8.3.3.1. At the request of the manufacturer, the tests may be carried out on engines which have been run-in, up to a maximum of 125 hours. In this case, the running-in procedure shall be conducted by the manufacturer who shall undertake not to make any adjustments to those engines.

8.3.3.2. When the manufacturer requests to conduct a running-in procedure in accordance with paragraph 8.3.3.1., it may be carried out on either of the following:

(a) All the engines that are tested;

(b) The first engine tested, with the determination of an evolution coefficient as follows:

(i) The pollutant emissions shall be measured both on the newly manufactured engine and before the maximum of 125 hours set in paragraph 8.3.3.1. on the first engine tested;

(ii) The evolution coefficient of the emissions between the two tests shall be calculated for each pollutant:

Emissions on second test/Emissions first test;

The evolution coefficient may have a value less than one.

The subsequent test engines shall not be subjected to the running-in procedure, but their emissions when newly manufactured shall be modified by the evolution coefficient.

In this case, the values to be taken shall be the following:

(a) For the first engine, the values from the second test;

(b) For the other engines, the values when newly manufactured multiplied by the evolution coefficient.

8.3.3.3. For diesel, ethanol (ED95), petrol, E85, LNG20, LNG and LPG fuelled, including dual-fuel, engines, all these tests may be conducted with the applicable market fuels. However, at the manufacturer’s request, the reference fuels described in Annex 5 to this Regulation may be used. This implies tests, as described in paragraph 4. of this Regulation.

8.3.3.4. For CNG engines, including dual-fuel engines, all these tests may be conducted with market fuel in the following way:

(a) For H marked engines with a market fuel within the H-range (0.89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1.00);

(b) For L marked engines with a market fuel within the L-range
(1.00 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1.19);

(c) For HL marked engines with a market fuel within the extreme range of the λ-shift factor (0.89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1.19).

However, at the manufacturer’s request, the reference fuels described in Annex 5 may be used. This implies tests as described paragraph 4.

8.3.3.5. Non-compliance of gas and dual-fuel engines

In the case of dispute caused by the non-compliance of gas fuelled engines, including dual-fuel engines, when using a market fuel, the tests shall be performed with each reference fuel on which the parent engine has been tested, and, at the request of the manufacturer, with the possible additional third fuel, as referred to in paragraphs 4.6.4.1. and 4.7.1.2. of this Regulation, on which the parent engine may have been tested.

When applicable, the result shall be converted by a calculation, applying the relevant factors "r", "ra" or "rb" as described in paragraphs 4.6.5., 4.6.6.1. and 4.7.1.3. of this Regulation. If r, ra or rb are less than 1, no correction shall take place.

The measured results and, when applicable, the calculated results shall demonstrate that the engine meets the limit values with all relevant fuels (for example fuels 1, 2 and, if applicable, the third fuel in the case of natural gas engines, and fuels A and B in the case of LPG engines).

8.3.3.6. Tests for conformity of production of a gas fuelled engine laid out for operation on one specific fuel composition shall be performed on the fuel for which the engine has been calibrated.

8.4. On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)

8.4.1. When the Type Approval Authority determines that the quality of production seems unsatisfactory, it may request a verification of the conformity of production of the OBD system. Such verification shall be carried out in accordance with the following:

An engine shall be randomly taken from series production and subjected to the tests described in Annex 9B and in the case of dual-fuel engines to the additional tests required by paragraph 7. of Annex 15 to this Regulation. The tests may be carried out on an engine that has been run-in up to a maximum of 125 hours.

8.4.2. The production is deemed to conform if this engine meets the requirements of the tests described in Annex 9B to this Regulation and in the case of dual-fuel engines to the additional tests required by paragraph 7. of Annex 15 to this Regulation.

8.4.3. If the engine taken from the series production does not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.4.1. above, a further random sample of four engines shall be taken from the series production and subjected to the tests described in Annex 9B and in the case of dual-fuel engines to the additional tests required by paragraph 7. of Annex 15 to this Regulation. The tests may be carried out on engines that have been run-in, up to a maximum of 125 hours.

8.4.4. The production is deemed to conform if at least three engines out of the further random sample of four engines meet the requirements of the tests described in Annex 9B.

8.5. Electronic control unit (ECU) information required for in-service testing

8.5.1. The availability of the data stream information requested in paragraph 9.4.2.1. according to the requirements of paragraph 9.4.2.2. shall be demonstrated by using an external OBD scan-tool as described in Annex 9B.

8.5.2. In the case where this information cannot be retrieved in a proper manner while the scan-tool is working properly according to Annex 9B, the engine shall be considered as non-compliant.

8.5.3. The conformity of the ECU torque signal with the requirements of paragraphs 9.4.2.2. and 9.4.2.3. shall be demonstrated by performing the WHSC test according to Annex 4.

8.5.4. In the case where the test equipment does not match the requirements specified in Regulation No. 85 concerning auxiliaries, the measured torque shall be corrected in accordance to the correction method set out in Annex 4.

8.5.5. The conformity of the ECU torque signal shall be considered sufficient if the calculated torque remains within the tolerances specified in paragraph 9.4.2.5.

8.5.6. The availability and conformity checks of the ECU information required for in-service testing shall be performed by the manufacturer on a regular basis on each produced engine-type within each produced engine-family.

8.5.7. The results of the manufacturer’s survey shall be made available to the Type Approval Authority at its request.

8.5.8. At the request of the Type Approval Authority, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the availability or the conformity of the ECU information in serial production by performing the appropriate testing referred to in paragraphs 8.5.1. to 8.5.4. on a sample of engines selected from the same engine type. The sampling rules including sampling size and statistical pass-fail criteria shall be those specified in paragraphs 8.1. to 8.3. for checking the conformity of emissions.

  9.  Conformity of in-service vehicles/engines

9.1. Introduction

 This paragraph sets out the in-service conformity requirements for vehicles type-approved to this Regulation.

9.2. In-service conformity

9.2.1. Measures to ensure in-service conformity of vehicles or engine systems type- approved under this Regulation shall be taken in accordance with Appendix 2 to the 1958 Agreement (E/ECE/324//E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2) and complying with the requirements of Annex 8 of this Regulation in the case of vehicles or engine systems type-approved under this Regulation.

9.2.2. The technical measures taken by the manufacturer shall be such as to ensure that the tailpipe emissions are effectively limited, throughout the normal life of the vehicles under normal conditions of use. The conformity with the provisions of this Regulation shall be checked over the normal useful life of an engine system installed in a vehicle under normal conditions of use as specified in Annex 8 of this Regulation.

9.2.3. The manufacturer shall report the results of the in-service testing to the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval in accordance with the initial plan submitted at type approval. Any deviation from the initial plan shall be justified to the satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority.

9.2.4. If the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval is not satisfied with the manufacturer’s reporting in accordance with paragraph 10. of Annex 8, or has reported evidence of unsatisfactory in-service conformity, the authority may order the manufacturer to run a test for confirmatory purposes. The Type Approval Authority shall examine the confirmatory test report supplied by the manufacturer.

9.2.5. Where the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval is not satisfied with the results of in-service tests or confirmatory tests in accordance with the criteria set out in Annex 8, or based on in-service testing conducted by a Contracting Party, it shall require the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures to remedy the non-conformity in accordance with paragraph 9.3. of this Regulation and paragraph 9. of Annex 8.

9.2.6. Any Contracting Party may conduct and report its own surveillance testing, based on the in-service conformity testing procedure set out in Annex 8. Information on the procurement, maintenance, and manufacturer’s participation in the activities shall be recorded. On request by a Type Approval Authority, the Type Approval Authority that granted the original type approval shall provide the necessary information about the type approval to enable testing in accordance with the procedure set out in Annex 8.

9.2.7. If a Contracting Party demonstrates that an engine or vehicle type does not conform to the applicable requirements of this paragraph (i.e. paragraph 9.2.) and Annex 8, it shall notify through its own Type Approval Authority without delay the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval. On receipt of such a request, the Type Approval Authority concerned shall take the requisite action as soon as possible and in any case within six months of the date of the request.

Following that notification the Type Approval Authority of the Contracting Party which granted the original type approval shall promptly inform the manufacturer that an engine or vehicle type fails to satisfy the requirements of these provisions.

9.2.8. Following the notification referred to in paragraph 9.2.7. and in cases where earlier in-service conformity testing showed conformity, the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval may require the manufacturer to perform additional confirmatory tests after consultation with the experts of the Contracting Party that reported the failing vehicle.

If no such test data is available, the manufacturer shall, within 60 working days after receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 9.2.7., either submit to the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval a plan of remedial measures in accordance with paragraph 9.3. or perform additional in-service conformity testing with an equivalent vehicle to verify whether the engine or vehicle type fails the requirements. In the case where the manufacturer can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority that further time is required to perform additional testing, an extension may be granted.

9.2.9. Experts of the Contracting Party that reported the failing engine or vehicle type in accordance with paragraph 9.2.7. shall be invited to witness the additional in-service conformity tests referred to in paragraph 9.2.8. Additionally, the results of the tests shall be reported to that Contracting Party and the approval authorities.

If these in-service conformity tests or confirmatory tests confirm the non-conformance of the engine or vehicle type, the Type Approval Authority shall require the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures to remedy the non-conformity. The plan of remedial measures shall comply with the provisions of paragraph 9.3. of this Regulation and paragraph 9. of Annex 8.

If those in-service conformity tests or confirmatory tests show conformity, the manufacturer shall submit a report to the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval. The report shall be submitted by the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval to the Contracting Party that reported the failing vehicle type and the Type Approval Authorities. It shall contain the test results according to paragraph 10. of Annex 8.

9.2.10. The Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval shall keep the Contracting Party which had established that the engine or vehicle type did not conform to the applicable requirements informed of the progress and results of the discussions with the manufacturer, the verification tests and the remedial measures.

9.3. Remedial measures

9.3.1. On request of the Type Approval Authority and following in-service testing in accordance with paragraph 9.2., the manufacturer shall submit the plan of remedial measures to the Type Approval Authority no later than 60 working days after receipt of the notification from the Type Approval Authority. Where the manufacturer can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority that further time is required to investigate the reason for the non-compliance in order to submit a plan of remedial measures, an extension may be granted.

9.3.2. The remedial measures shall apply to all engines in service belonging to the same engine families or OBD engine families and be extended also to engine families or OBD engine families which are likely to be affected with the same defects. The need to amend the type approval documents shall be assessed by the manufacturer and the result reported to the Type Approval Authority.

9.3.3. The Type Approval Authority shall consult the manufacturer in order to secure agreement on a plan of remedial measures and on executing the plan. If the Type Approval Authority which granted the original type approval establishes that no agreement can be reached, it shall take the necessary measures, including, where necessary, the withdrawal of type approval, to ensure that production vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units, as the case may be, are brought into conformity with the approved type. The Type Approval Authority shall advise the Type Approval Authorities of the other contracting parties of the measures taken. If the type approval is withdrawn, the Type Approval Authority shall inform the Approval Authorities of the other contracting parties within 20 working days of the withdrawal and of the reasons therefor.

9.3.4. The Type Approval Authority shall within 30 working days from the date on which it has received the plan of remedial measures from the manufacturer, approve or reject the plan of remedial measures. The Type Approval Authority shall within the same time also notify the manufacturer and all Contracting Parties of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.

9.3.5. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.

9.3.6. The manufacturer shall keep a record of every engine system or vehicle recalled and repaired or modified and of the workshop which performed the repair. The Type Approval Authority shall have access to that record on request during the execution and for a period of 5 years after the completion of the execution of the plan.

9.3.7. Any repair or modification referred to in paragraph 9.3.6. shall be recorded in a certificate supplied by the manufacturer to the owner of the engine or vehicle.

9.4. Requirements and tests for in-service testing

9.4.1. Introduction

This paragraph (paragraph 9.4.) sets out the specifications and tests of the ECU data at type approval for the purpose of in-service testing.

9.4.2. General requirements

9.4.2.1. For the purpose of in-service testing, the calculated load (engine torque as a percentage of maximum torque and the maximum torque available at the current engine speed), the engine speed, the engine coolant temperature, the instantaneous fuel consumption, and the reference maximum engine torque as a function of engine speed shall be made available by the OBD system in real time and at a frequency of at least 1 Hz, as mandatory data stream information.

9.4.2.2. The output torque may be estimated by the ECU using built-in algorithms to calculate the produced internal torque and the friction torque.

9.4.2.3. The engine torque in Nm resulting from the above data stream information shall permit a direct comparison with the values measured when determining the engine power according to Regulation No. 85. In particular, any eventual corrections as regards auxiliaries shall be included in the above data stream information.

9.4.2.4. Access to the information required in paragraph 9.4.2.1. shall be provided in accordance with the requirements set out in Annex 9A and with the standards referred to in Appendix 6 to Annex 9B.

9.4.2.5 The average load at each operating condition in Nm calculated from the information requested in paragraph 9.4.2.1. shall not differ from the average measured load at that operating condition by more than:

(a) 7 per cent when determining the engine power according to UN Regulation No. 85;

(b) 10 per cent when performing the World Harmonised Steady state Cycle (hereinafter "WHSC") except for mode 1 and 13 (idle modes) according to Annex 4, paragraph 7.7.

UN Regulation No. 85 allows the actual maximum load of the engine to differ from the reference maximum load by 5 per cent in order to address the manufacturing process variability. This tolerance is taken into account in the above values.

9.4.2.6.  External access to the information required in paragraph 9.4.2.1. shall not influence the vehicle emissions or performance.

9.4.2.7.     If the difference between the measured torque value obtained with a declared market fuel according to paragraph 4.2.6. and the torque calculated from the information requested in paragraph 9.4.2.1. exceeds one of the values specified in paragraph 9.4.2.5. the following paragraph 9.4.2.8. applies.

9.4.2.8.  A power correction factor for each additional market fuel permitted by the manufacturer shall be determined for the engine family. The correction factor shall be calculated as the ratio between average measured peak torque [Nm] on the reference fuel according to Annex 5 and average measured peak torque [Nm] on the market fuel declared.

9.4.3. Verification of the availability and conformity of the ECU information required for in-service testing

9.4.3.1.  The availability of the data stream information required in paragraph 9.4.2.1. according to the requirements set out in paragraph 9.4.2.2. shall be demonstrated by using an external OBD scan-tool as described in Annex X.

9.4.3.2. In the case where this information cannot be retrieved in a proper manner, using a scan-tool that is working properly, the engine is considered as non-compliant.

9.4.3.3.  The conformity of the ECU torque signal to the general requirements specified in paragraph 9.4.2. shall be demonstrated when determining the engine power according to Annex XIV and when performing the WHSC test according to Annex III.

9.4.3.3.1. The conformity of the ECU torque signal to the requirements of paragraphs 9.4.2. shall be demonstrated for each engine family member when determining the engine power according to UN Regulation No. 85. For this purpose, additional measurements shall be performed at several part load and engine speed operating points (for example at the modes of the WHSC and some additional random points). If applicable, the power correction factor for the engine family according to 9.4.2.8. shall be determined with the parent engine of the engine family.

9.4.3.4. In the case where the engine under test does not match the requirements set out in Regulation No. 85 concerning auxiliaries, the measured torque shall be corrected in accordance to the correction method for power as set out in Annex 4, paragraph 6.3.5.

9.4.3.5. The conformity of the ECU torque signal is considered to be demonstrated if the torque signal remains within the tolerances set out in paragraph 9.4.2.5.

  10.  Penalties for non-conformity of production

10.1. The approval granted in respect of an engine or vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1. are not complied with, or if the engine(s) or vehicle(s) taken fail to pass the tests prescribed in paragraph 8.3.

10.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annexes 2A, 2B or 2C to this Regulation.

  11. Modification and extension of approval of the approved type

11.1. Every modification of the approved type shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the type. The Type Approval Authority may then either:

11.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the modified type still complies with the requirement; or

11.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service conducting the tests.

11.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.12.2. to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

11.3. The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annexes 2A, 2B or 2C to this Regulation.

  12.  Production definitively discontinued

 If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture the type approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that Type Approval Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annexes 2A, 2B or 2C to this Regulation.

13.  Transitional provisions

13.1. General provisions

13.1.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 07 series of amendments.

13.2. Type approvals

13.2.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant an approval to new types of vehicle or engine only if they comply with the requirements of this Regulation, as amended by the 07 series of amendments.

13.2.2. By way of derogation from paragraph 13.2.1., new types of positive-ignition engines, type 1A dual-fuel engines and type 1B dual-fuel engines (in dual-fuel mode), and vehicles equipped with such engines, shall comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor for PM number according to paragraph 6.3. of Annex 8 with effect from 1 January 2023. However, as from the date of entry into force of this Regulation, the particle number work window conformity factor and CO2 mass window conformity factor shall be stated in the PEMS demonstration test results in the type-approval communication for monitoring purposes.

13.2.3. As from the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept a type-approval which has not been granted in accordance with the 07 series of amendments to this Regulation.

13.2.4. By way of derogation from paragraph 13.2.3., as from two years after the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments, for new vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines, type 1A dual-fuel engines and type 1B dual-fuel engines (in dual-fuel mode) which do not comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor for PM number according to paragraph 6.3. of Annex 8 and the requirements of this Regulation, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept a type-approval which has not been granted in accordance with the 07 series of amendments to this Regulation. However, as from the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments, the particle number work window conformity factor and CO2 mass window conformity factor shall be stated in the PEMS demonstration test results in the type-approval communication for monitoring purposes.

13.2.5. As from the official date of entry into force of the 07 series of amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept a type-approval for a vehicle with a reference mass exceeding 2,380 kg but not exceeding 2,610 kg, which has not been granted in accordance with the 07 series of amendments to this Regulation.

13.3. Reserved

13.4.  Special provisions

13.4.1. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may continue to grant approvals to those engine systems, or vehicles which comply with any previous series of amendments, or to any level of this Regulation provided that the vehicles are intended for sale or for export to countries that apply the relating requirements in their national legislations.

13.4.2. Replacement engines for vehicles in use

 Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may continue to grant approvals to those engines which comply with the requirements of this Regulation as amended by any previous series of amendments, or to any level of this Regulation, provided that the engine is intended as a replacement for a vehicle in-use and for which that earlier standard was applicable at the date of that vehicle's entry into service.

13.4.3. When applying the special provisions described in paragraph 13.4.1. or paragraph 13.4.2., the type approval communication in paragraph 1.6. of the Addendum to Annexes 2A and 2C shall include information relating to these provisions.

13.4.3.1. In the case of approvals to the special provisions laid down in paragraph 13.4.1. the type approval communication shall include the following text at the front-end of the communication, with the relevant number of the series of amendments replacing the "xx" in the example below:

 "Engine complying to xx series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 49".

13.4.3.2. In the case of approvals to the special provisions laid down in paragraph 13.4.2. the type approval communication shall include the following text at the front-end of the communication, with the relevant number of the series of amendments replacing the "xx" in the example below:

 "Replacement engine complying to xx series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 49".

13.4.4.  It is appropriate that modified requirements for the in-service testing according to paragraph 9. do not apply retroactively to engines and vehicles which have not been approved in accordance with those requirements. Therefore, vehicles subject to in-service testing according to paragraph 9. shall always be tested according to the provisions set out in the respective level of this Regulation, which has been applicable at the time of type approval.

14. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities

 The Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.

Appendix 1 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is satisfactory

A.1.1. This appendix describes the procedure to be used to verify production conformity for the emissions of pollutants when the manufacturer's production standard deviation is satisfactory.

A.1.2. With a minimum sample size of three engines the sampling procedure is set so that the probability of a lot passing a test with 40 per cent of the engines defective is 0.95 (producer's risk = 5 per cent) while the probability of a lot being accepted with 65 per cent of the engines defective is 0.10 (consumer's risk = 10 per cent).

A.1.3. The following procedure is used for each of the pollutants given in paragraph 5.3. of this Regulation (see Figure 1 in paragraph 8.3. of this Regulation):

 Let:

L = the natural logarithm of the limit value for the pollutant;

xi = the natural logarithm of the measurement (after having applied the relevant DF) for the i-th engine of the sample;

s = an estimate of the production standard deviation (after taking the natural logarithm of the measurements);

n = the current sample number.

A.1.4. For each sample the sum of the standardized deviations to the limit is calculated using the following formula:

A.1.5. Then:

(a) If the test statistic result is greater than the pass decision number for the sample size given in Table 2, a pass decision is reached for the pollutant;

(b) If the test statistic result is less than the fail decision number for the sample size given in Table 2, a fail decision is reached for the pollutant;

(c) Otherwise, an additional engine is tested according to paragraph 8.3.2. and the calculation procedure is applied to the sample increased by one more unit.

Table 2

Pass and fail decision numbers of Appendix 1 sampling plan

Minimum sample size: 3

Appendix 2 Procedure for production conformity testing when standard deviation is unsatisfactory or unavailable

A.2.1. This appendix describes the procedure to be used to verify production conformity for the emissions of pollutants when the manufacturer's production standard deviation is either unsatisfactory or unavailable.

A.2.2. With a minimum sample size of three engines the sampling procedure is set so that the probability of a lot passing a test with 40 per cent of the engines defective is 0.95 (producer's risk = 5 per cent) while the probability of a lot being accepted with 65 per cent of the engines defective is 0.10 (consumer's risk = 10 per cent).

A.2.3. The values of the pollutants given in paragraph 5.3. of this Regulation, after having applied the relevant DF, are considered to be log normally distributed and should be transformed by taking their natural logarithms. Let m0 and m denote the minimum and maximum sample size respectively (m0 = 3
and m = 32) and let n denote the current sample number.

A.2.4. If the natural logarithms of the measured values (after having applied the relevant DF) in the series are x1, x2, … xi and L is the natural logarithm of the limit value for the pollutant, then, define:

A.2.5. Table 3 shows values of the pass (An) and fail (Bn) decision numbers against current sample number. The test statistic result is the ratio and shall be used to determine whether the series has passed or failed as follows:

 For m0 ≤ n ≤ m:

 (a) Pass the series if

 (b) Fail the series if

(c) Take another measurement if

A.2.6. Remarks

 The following recursive formulae are useful for calculating successive values of the test statistic:

Table 3

Pass and fail decision numbers of Appendix 2 sampling plan

Minimum sample size: 3

Appendix 3 Procedure for production conformity testing at manufacturer's request

A.3.1. This appendix describes the procedure to be used to verify, at the manufacturer's request, production conformity for the emissions of pollutants.

A.3.2. With a minimum sample size of three engines the sampling procedure is set so that the probability of a lot passing a test with 30 per cent of the engines defective is 0.90 (producer's risk = 10 per cent) while the probability of a lot being accepted with 65 per cent of the engines defective is 0.10 (consumer's risk = 10 per cent).

A.3.3. The following procedure is used for each of the pollutants given in paragraph 5.3. of this Regulation (see Figure 1 in paragraph 8.3. of this Regulation):

 Let:

n = the current sample number.

A.3.4. Determine for the sample the test statistic quantifying the cumulative number of nonconforming tests at the nth test.

A.3.5. Then:

(a) If the test statistic is less than or equal to the pass decision number for the sample size given in Table 4, a pass decision is reached for the pollutant;

(b) If the test statistic is greater than or equal to the fail decision number for the sample size given in Table 4, a fail decision is reached for the pollutant;

(c) Otherwise, an additional engine is tested according to paragraph 8.3.2. of this Regulation and the calculation procedure is applied to the sample increased by one more unit.

 In Table 4 the pass and fail decision numbers are calculated by means of the International Standard ISO 8422/1991.

Table 4

Pass and fail decision numbers of Appendix 3 sampling plan

Minimum sample size: 3

Appendix 4 Summary of approval process for engines fuelled with natural gas, engines fuelled with LPG and dual-fuel engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG

Approval of LPG fuelled engines

Approval of natural gas fuelled engines

Approval for dual-fuel engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG

Annex 1 Models of information document

This information document is related to the approval according to Regulation No. 49. It is referring to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from engine systems and vehicles. It relates to:

Type approval of an engine or engine family as a separate technical unit,

Type approval of vehicle with an approved engine with regard to emission,

Type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions.

The following information, when applicable, shall be supplied in triplicate and include a list of contents. Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient detail.

If the systems, components or separate technical units referred to in this annex have electronic controls, information concerning their performance shall be supplied.

  Information to be provided

The information document shall contain in all cases:

 General Information

 In addition the following information should also be provided as applicable

Part 1:  Essential characteristics of the (parent) engine and the engine types within an engine family

Part 2:  Essential characteristics of the vehicle components and systems with regard to exhaust-emissions

Appendix to information document: Information on test conditions

Photographs and/or drawings of the parent engine, engine type and, if applicable, of the engine compartment.

List further attachments if any.

Date, file

Notes regarding filling in the tables

Letters A, B, C, D, E corresponding to engine family members shall be replaced by the actual engine family members’ names.

In case when for a certain engine characteristic same value/description applies for all engine family members the cells corresponding to A-E shall be merged.

In case the family consists of more than 5 members, new columns may be added.

In the case of application for type approval of an engine or engine family as a separate technical unit the general part and Part 1 shall be filled in.

In the case of application for type approval of vehicle with an approved engine with regard to emissions the general part and Part 2 shall be filled in.

In the case of application for type approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions the general part and Parts 1 and 2 shall be filled in.

Part 1

Essential characteristics of the (parent) engine and the engine types within an engine family