Manual of Standards Part 139 - Aerodromes

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Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts

This item is authorised by the following title:

Civil Aviation Act 1988

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F2011C00882

02 June 2011 - 16 November 2011

Table of contents

General
- Commencement and Background
- Document Set
- Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
- Differences published in AIP
- MOS Documentation Change Management
- Related Documents
- Legislative Background and Applicability
- Standard Changes and Existing Aerodrome Facilities
- Exemptions to Standards
- Conflict with Other Standards
- Using ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code to Specify Standards
- Aerodrome Reference Codes and Aeroplane Characteristics
- Providing for Future Larger Aeroplanes
- Non-instrument and Instrument Runways
- Non-precision Approach Runways
- Introduction
- Aerodrome Certificate Processing Fee
- Processing an Aerodrome Certificate Application
- Granting of an Aerodrome Certificate
- Maintenance and Control of Aerodrome Manual
- Initiating NOTAM to Promulgate a Certified Aerodrome
- Transitional Arrangements for Existing Aerodrome Licences
- Aerodrome Registration Application and Processing Fee
- Approving a Registration Application
- Maintenance of Registration
- Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report
- Aerodrome Information to be Provided for a Certified Aerodrome
- Standards for Determining Aerodrome Information
- Obstacle Data
- Obstacle Restriction
- Obstacle Limitation
- Procedures for Aerodrome Operators to Deal with Obstacles
- Objects Outside the OLS
- Objects That Could Become Obstacles
- Monitoring of Obstacles Associated with Instrument Runways
- Additional Obstacle Assessment for an Existing Non-instrument Runway to be Upgraded to a Non-precision Instrument Runway
- Obstacle Protection for Curved Take-Off
- Closed Aerodrome
- Colours
- Visibility
- Application and Definitions
- Standardisation of Aerodrome Lighting
- Lighting in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
- Minimum Lighting System Requirements
- Primary Source of Electricity Supply
- Electrical Circuitry
- Secondary Power Supply
- Switch-over Time
- Standby Power Supply
- Portable Lighting
- Light Fixtures and Supporting Structures
- Elevated and Inset Lights
- Colour of Light Shown
- Light intensity and Control
- Commissioning of Lighting Systems
- Aerodrome Manual and Aerodrome Operating Procedures
- Training of Aerodrome Personnel Involved with Safety Functions
- Aerodrome Safety Management System (SMS)
- Traffic Control Towers
- Standards For Siting and Clearance Areas for Airways Facilities on Airports
- General Siting Requirements
- Navigation Aid Facilities
- VOR Facilities
- DME Facilities
- Instrument Landing System
- Protection of ILS Installations
- Critical and Sensitive Areas
- Obstructions around Marker Beacons
- Locator Beacons
- Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)
- Radar Sensor Sites
- Communication Facilities
- Ground Earthing Points
- Testing of Ground Earthing Points
- Inspection of Ground Earthing Points
- Remedial Action
- Compass Swinging Site
- Automatic Weather Information Stations
- Light Aircraft Tie-Down Facilities
- Aerodrome Reporting Officer
- Aerodrome Serviceability Inspections
- Frequency of Serviceability Inspection
- Record of Inspections and Remedial Actions
- Reporting Changes
- Aerodrome Works
- Safety Inspection Report
- Reporting of Obstacles
- Commencement and Introduction
- Aerodrome Standards
- Aerodrome Markings
- Aerodrome Lighting
- Wind Direction Indicators
- Ground Signal and Signal Area
- Runway and Runway Strip Conditions
- Aerodrome Serviceability Reporting
- Definitions and Abbreviations
Definitions
Application for an Aerodrome Certificate
- Sample Aerodrome Certificate Application
Application to Register an Aerodrome
- Application to Register an Aerodrome
Illustration of Declared Distances
- Introduction
- Calculation of Declared Distances
- Obstacle-free Take-off Gradient
- Critical Obstacle
- Declared Distances for Intersection Departures
Illustration of Supplementary Take-Off Distances Available and Shielding
- Introduction
Runways
- Location of Runway Threshold
- Length of Runway
- Runway Width
- Runway Turning Area
- Parallel Runways
- Runway Longitudinal Slope
- Runway Sight Distance
- Transverse Slopes on Runways
- Runway Surface
- Runway Bearing Strength
- Runway Shoulders
- Characteristics of Runway Shoulders
- Transverse Slope on Runway Shoulder
- Surface of Runway Shoulder
- Provision of Runway Strip
- Composition of Runway Strip
- Runway Strip Length
- Runway Strip Width
- Longitudinal Slope on Graded Area of Runway Strip
- Longitudinal Slope Changes on Graded Area of Runway Strip
- Runway Strip Longitudinal Slope Changes at Runway Ends (Radio Altimeter Operating Area)
- Runway Strip Transverse Slope
- Surface of Graded Area of Runway Strip
- Objects on Runway Strips
- Runway End Safety Area (RESA)
- Dimensions of RESA
- Slopes on RESA
- Objects on RESA
- Bearing Strength of RESA
- Clearways
- Location of Clearways
- Dimensions of Clearways
- Slopes on Clearways
- Objects on Clearways
- Stopways
- Dimensions of Stopways
- Surface of Stopway
- Stopway Slopes and Slope Changes
- Bearing Strength of Stopway
Taxiways
- Taxiway Width
- Taxiway Edge Clearance
- Taxiway Curves
- Taxiway Longitudinal Slope
- Taxiway Transverse Slope
- Taxiway Sight Distance
- Taxiway Bearing Strength
- Taxiway Shoulders
- Width of Taxiway Shoulders
- Surface of Taxiway Shoulders
- Taxiway Strips
- Width of Taxiway Strip
- Width of Graded Area of Taxiway Strip
- Slope of Taxiway Strip
- Objects on Taxiway Strip
- Taxiways on Bridges
- Taxiway Minimum Separation Distances
Holding Bays, Runway-Holding Positions, Intermediate Holding Positions and Road-Holding Positions
- Introduction
- Provision of a Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position and Road-holding Position
- Location of Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position
- Distance from Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position to Runway Centreline
Aprons
- Location of Apron
- Separation Distances on Aprons
- Slopes on Aprons
- Apron Bearing Strength
- Apron Road
Jet Blast
- General
- Jet Blast and Propeller Wash Hazards
Glider Facilities
- Location of Glider Runway Strips
- Dimensions of Glider Runway Strips
- Glider Parking Areas
- Glider Runway Strip Serviceability
- Glider Runway Strip Standards
- Notification of Glider Facilities and Procedures
Aerodrome Obstacle Charts
- Type A Charts
- Type B Charts
- Type C Charts
- Precision Approach Terrain Charts – ICAO
Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
- General
- Description of OLS
Principles of Shielding
- General
- Shielding Principles
Markers
- Introduction
- The Use of Markers on a Runway Strip
- The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Runway
- The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Taxiway
- The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Apron
Runway Markings
- General
- Pre-runway-end Markings
- Runway Centreline Markings
- Runway Designation Markings
- Runway End Markings
- Runway Side-stripe Markings
- Aiming Point Markings
- Runway Threshold Markings
- Temporarily Displaced Threshold Markings
- Runway Land and Hold Short Position Markings
Taxiway Markings
- Introduction
- Taxi Guideline Markings
- Runway Holding Position Markings
- Intermediate Holding Position Markings
- Taxiway Edge Markings
- Holding Bay Markings
- Taxiway Pavement Strength Limit Markings
Apron Markings
- Introduction
- Apron Taxi Guideline Markings
- Apron Edge Markings
- Parking Clearance Line
- Aircraft Type Limit Line
- Parking Weight Limit Line
- Leased Area Line
- Equipment Clearance Line
- Equipment Storage Markings
- Apron Service Road Markings
- Aircraft Parking Position Markings
- Lead-in Line
- Taxi Lead-in Line Designation
- Pilot Turn Line
- Primary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
- Marshaller Stop Line
- Pilot Stop Line
- Alignment Line
- Secondary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
- Keyhole Marking
- Triangle Marking
- Lead-out Line
- Designation Markings
- Aircraft Parking Position Designation
- Designation Characters for Taxi and Apron Markings
- Tug operator Guidance Marking
- Aircraft Push-back Lines
- Tug Parking Position Lines
- Towbar Disconnect Markings
- Push-back Limit Markings
- Push-back Alignment Bars
- Passenger Path Markings
- Typical Apron Markings
Movement Area Guidance Signs (MAGS)
- Introduction
- Naming of taxiways
- Dimensions, Location and Lettering
- Sign Size and Location Distances, Including Runway Exit Signs
- Structural
- Illumination
- MAGS with Mandatory Instructions
- Runway Designation Signs
- Category I, II or III Runway Designation Signs
- Runway Holding Position Sign
- Aircraft NO ENTRY Sign
- Vehicular STOP Signs
- Runway/Runway Intersection Signs
- MAGS with Information
- Taxiway Location Signs
- Direction Signs
- Destination Signs
- Take-off Run Available Sign
- Runway Exit Signs
- LAHSO Distance To Go Signs
Wind Direction Indicators
- Requirements
- Standards
Ground Signals
- Signal Areas
- Ground Signals in Signal Area
Marking of Unserviceable and Work Areas
- Introduction
- Marking of Unserviceable Areas on Runways, Taxiways and Aprons
- Use of Unserviceability Markers
- Works Limit Markers
Obstacle Markings
- General
- Marking of Obstacles
- Marking of Temporary and Transient Obstacles
- Marking of Vehicles
Helicopter Areas on Aerodromes
- Introduction
- Helicopter Landing and Lift-off Area Markings
- Helicopter Apron Markings
- Helicopter Parking Position Markings
- Helicopter Taxi Guideline Designation
- Helicopter Parking Position Numbers
- Helicopter Apron Edge Markings
Marking of Glider Runway Strips on an Aerodrome
Colours for Aeronautical Ground Lights
- General
- Chromaticities
- Discrimination Between Coloured Lights
Pilot Activated Lighting Systems
- General
- VHF Carrier Activation Code
- VHF Carrier Detector Technical Requirements
- Inputs to the PAL
- Fail-safe Arrangements with PAL system
- Access to Manual Switches
- Receiving Antenna
- PAL with Audio Acknowledgment
Obstacle Lighting
- General
- Types of Obstacle Lighting and Their Use
- Location of Obstacle Lights
- Natural Obstacles
- Temporary Obstacles
- Characteristics of Low Intensity Obstacle Lights
- Characteristics of Medium Intensity Obstacle Lights
- Characteristics of High Intensity Obstacle Lights
- Floodlighting of Obstacles
- Ongoing Availability of Obstacle Lights
Aerodrome Beacons
- General
Illuminated Wind Direction Indicator
- General
Approach Lighting Systems
- Simple Approach Lighting System
- Precision Approach Category I Lighting System
- Precision Approach Categories II and III Lighting System
Isocandela Diagrams of Approach Lighting
- Collective Notes
Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems
- General
- Obstacle Assessment Surface
- T-VASIS and AT-VASIS
- Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) system
Runway Lighting
- Types of Runway Edge Lighting Systems
- Runway Edge Lights
- Location of Runway Edge Lights
- Longitudinal Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
- Lateral Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
- Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights
- Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Edge Lights
- Use of Bidirectional or Back-to-back Light Fittings
- Runway Threshold Lights
- Location of Runway Threshold Lights
- Pattern of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
- Pattern of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
- Characteristics of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
- Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
- Additional Lighting to Enhance Threshold Location
- Runway End Lights
- Location of Runway End Lights
- Pattern of Runway End Lights
- Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway End Lights
- Characteristics of High Intensity Runway End Lights
- Runway Turning Area Edge Lights
- Stopway Lights
- Hold Short Lights
- Runway Centreline Lights
- Runway Touchdown Zone Lights
- Photometric Characteristics of Runway Lights
- Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
- Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Isocandela Diagrams of Runway Lighting
- Collective Notes
Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Taxiway Lighting
- Provision of Taxiway Centreline Lights
- Provision of Taxiway Edge Lights
- Taxiway Markers
- Apron Taxiway Lighting
- Use of Different Types of Taxiway Lights
- Control of Lights on Taxiways
- Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights
- Spacing of Taxiway Centreline Lights
- Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Exit Taxiways
- Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Rapid Exit Taxiways
- Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Lights
- Beam Dimensions and Light Distribution of Taxiway Centreline Lights
- Location of Taxiway Edge Lights
- Spacing of Taxiway Edge Lights
- Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Lights
- Provision of Runway Guard Lights
- Pattern and Location of Runway Guard Lights
- Characteristics of Runway Guard Lights
- Control of Runway Guard Lights
- Provision of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
- Pattern and Location of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
- Characteristics of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
- Stop Bars
- Location of Stop Bars
- Characteristics of Stop Bars
- Taxiway Edge Markers
- Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Markers
- Taxiway Centreline Markers
- Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Markers
- Photometric Characteristics of Taxiway Lights
- Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
Isocandela Diagrams for Taxiway Lights
- Collective Notes to Figures
Illustrations of Taxiway Lighting
Apron Floodlighting
- Introduction
- Provision of Apron Floodlighting
- Location of Apron Floodlighting
- Characteristics of Apron Floodlighting
Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- Provision of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- Characteristics of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- Azimuth Guidance Unit - Location
- Azimuth Guidance Unit - Characteristics
- Stopping Position Indicator - Location
- Stopping Position Indicator - Characteristics
- Parking Position Identification Sign
- Notification of Type of Aircraft Docking Guidance Systems
Lighting Associated with Closed and Unserviceable Areas
- Closed Runway or Taxiway
- Unserviceable Areas
- Characteristics of Unserviceability Lights
Other Lights on an Aerodrome
- Vehicle Warning Lights
- Works Limit Lights
- Road and Car Park Lighting
- Road-holding Position Light
Monitoring, Maintenance and Serviceability of Aerodrome Lighting
- General
- Reporting of Aerodrome Lighting Outage
Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
- Advice to Lighting Designers
- Legislative Background
- General Requirement
- Light Fittings
- Coloured Lights
- Information and Correspondence
Use of Unarmoured Cables for Aerodrome Lighting
- Introduction
- Significant Areas of the Dispensation
- Conditions Governing the Dispensation
- Aspects to Note
- Acceptability of an Installation to the Supply Authority
Inspecting and Reporting Aerodrome Serviceability
- General
- Significant Objects
- Surface Conditions of the Movement Area, Including the Presence of Water
- Aerodrome Markings, Lightings, Wind Direction Indicators and Ground Signals
- Cleanliness of the Movement Area.
- Obstacles Infringing the Take-off, Approach and Transitional Surfaces
- Birds or Animals on, or in the Vicinity of, the Movement Area
- Empirical Assessment of the Bearing Strength of Unrated Runway Pavements and Runway Strips
- Currency of NOTAMs
- Aerodrome Fencing
- Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit
- Inspection Logbooks
Initiating a NOTAM
- Introduction
- Changes Reported to Australian NOTAM Office
- Time-Limited NOTAM
- Permanent NOTAM
- Making Changes to Aerodrome Information Published in AIP-ERSA
- Bird or Animal Hazard Warning
- New or Upgraded Visual Aids
- Changes to Type A Chart Information
- Follow up Actions
- Record Keeping
Sample Aerodrome Report Form
Examples of NOTAM and Listing of Abbreviations
- Examples
- General Word Abbreviations and Phrase Contractions to Minimise Message Length of Aerodrome NOTAMs
Appointment of Reporting Officers
- General
- Reporting Officer Qualifications
- What to Report
- Monitoring Activities Outside Aerodrome
Aerodrome Emergency Planning
- Introduction
- Records
- Disabled Aircraft Removal
Guidelines for Aerodrome Emergency Plans
- General
- Medical Subcommittee
- Testing Facilities and Reviewing Roles
- Aerodrome Emergency Exercises
- Emergency Operations Centre and Mobile Command Post
- Definitions of Command, Control, and Coordination
- Role of the Police
Control of Airside Access Including Vehicle Control
- Introduction
- Airside Vehicle Control
- Airside drivers
Aerodrome Works Safety
- Introduction
- Method of Working Plans
- Time-Limited Works
- Restrictions on Carrying Out Time-Limited Works
- Restoration of Normal Safety Standards
- Resumption of Aerodrome Works
- Management and Control of Aerodrome Works
- Markers, Markings and Lights
- Communication Equipment
- Completion
- Pavement Overlay Works
- Works on Runway Strips
Method of Working Plans
- Introduction
- Title Page
- Works Information
- Restrictions to Aircraft Operations and Issue of NOTAMs
- Work Stages
- Emergencies and Adverse Weather
- NOTAMs
- Restrictions to Works Organisations
- Personnel and Equipment
- Access
- Aerodrome Markers, Markings and Lights
- Protection of Electrical Services
- Special Requirements
- Administration
- Authority
- Drawings
- Distribution List
Functions of a Works Safety Officer
- Works Safety Officer
Aircraft Parking
- Introduction
- Apron Congestion
- Apron Safety Management
Bird and Animal Hazard Management
- Introduction
Pavement Maintenance
- Pavement Cleanliness
- Runway Surface Friction
- Deterioration of Runway Grooves
- Surface Irregularities
- Standards for Natural and Gravel Surface Runways
Maintenance Around Navigational Aids
- Introduction
Aerodrome Safety Procedures During Low Visibility Operations
- Introduction
Aerodrome Technical Inspections
- Introduction
Certified Air/Ground Radio Services
- Application to be a CA/GRO
- Qualifications
- CA/GRS Operating Standards and Procedures
- Broadcasting of Aerodrome Information on AAIS
Frequency Confirmation System
- Requirement for Frequency Confirmation System
- Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit (AFRU)
- Use of the AFRU
- Operating Performance Requirements of AFRU
- AFRU Technical Specification
- AFRU with PAL Features
- Technical Specifications for Optional Pilot-Activated Lighting Control
- AFRU+PAL Commissioning Flight Test
Unicom Services
- General

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Manual of Standards Part 139 - Aerodromes

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Manual of Standards Part 139 - Aerodromes

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